I'm not sure it's exactly what you're looking for but you might call such a saying a platitude.
Answer from Curtis H. on Stack ExchangeVideos
Is there a term for a word that doesn't really have a meaning anymore, but people still use it like it does?
For example, terrific/terrible, magnificent, amazing.
I'm trying to come up with a list so I can tell my students to avoid them (or at least use them correctly) in their paper.
I want to give them some examples. I can think of a few, but I don't know every "meaningless" word.
Any help would be appreciated!
Edit to add:
What I mean is generally the words are overused to the point where they don't hold the meaning they once did. Example: "there are interesting developments in the field of electrical engineering" nonspecific and is a waste of words. Where "advantageous" might be better than interesting.
Or the overuse of "beautiful" or "wonderful."
Specifically answering your request for a lexicon of such words, this webpage includes a link to download multiple lists of function words.
"Although" appears in its list of English conjunctions. The class of function words are defined by this source as including Auxiliary Verbs, Conjunctions, Determiners, Prepositions, Pronouns, and Quantifiers. The OP may choose to disregard some of these sub-categories as not applicable to your purpose.
People who study that branch of linguistics known as relevance theory describe words like although as 'procedural items'. Words like although are said to not have any conceptual content. Rather they work by constraining the inferential processes of the listener. The word although can be thought of as cutting off further implicatures that would otherwise follow from the following clause.
So we can describe such words as a) not having any conceptual content and b) being procedural items.
Many function words in English can be thought of as having no conceptual meaning.