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Tallahassee State College
tsc.fl.edu › media › divisions › learning-commons › resources-by-subject › math › statistics › The-Null-and-the-Alternative-Hypotheses.pdf pdf
The Null and the Alternative Hypotheses
more than or less than 50%. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses looks like: H0: p = 0.5 (This is ... They want to test what proportion of the parts do not meet the specifications. Since they claim · that the proportion is less than 2%, the symbol for the Alternative Hypothesis will be <. As is the
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Cornell University
courses.cit.cornell.edu › econ620 › reviewm8.pdf pdf
Econ 620 Null hypothesis vs. alternative hypothesis
Null hypotheses can arise for consideration in a number of different ways, the main ones being as follows; • H0 may corresponds to the prediction of some scientific(economic) theory or to some model of the · system thought quite likely to be true or nearly so. • H0 may represent some simple set of circumstances which, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, we wish to assume holds. For example, the null hypothesis might assert the ineffectiveness of newly-
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What is the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?
A null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship or difference between variables, while an alternative hypothesis suggests that there is a significant relationship or difference.
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testbook.com
testbook.com › home › key differences › difference between null and alternative hypothesis
Learn the Difference Between Null and Alternative Hypothesis
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
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scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions & Examples
Can null and alternative hypotheses be used in all types of research studies?
Yes, null and alternative hypotheses can be used in various research studies across disciplines to examine relationships, differences, or the effectiveness of interventions.
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testbook.com
testbook.com › home › key differences › difference between null and alternative hypothesis
Learn the Difference Between Null and Alternative Hypothesis
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Outlier
articles.outlier.org › null-vs-alternative-hypothesis
Null vs. Alternative Hypothesis [Overview] | Outlier
April 28, 2023 - In medical studies, where scientists ... the alternative hypothesis represents the hypothesis that the treatment does have an effect, while the null hypothesis represents the assumption that the treatment has no effect...
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Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions & Examples
January 24, 2025 - On the other hand, if you fail to reject the null hypothesis, then you can say that the alternative hypothesis is not supported. Never say that you’ve proven or disproven a hypothesis. Alternative hypotheses often include phrases such as “an effect,” “a difference,” or “a relationship.” When alternative hypotheses are written in mathematical terms, they always include an inequality (usually ≠, but sometimes < or >).
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Testbook
testbook.com › home › key differences › difference between null and alternative hypothesis
Learn the Difference Between Null and Alternative Hypothesis
It encompasses all other possible outcomes that are not covered by the null hypothesis. Depending on the research question or objective, the alternative hypothesis may take different forms, such as "μ ≠ 50" (not equal), "μ > 50" (greater than), or "μ < 50" (less than).
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Uconn
researchbasics.education.uconn.edu › home › null and alternative hypotheses
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Educational Research Basics by Del Siegle
September 5, 2015 - We can never prove a null hypothesis, because it is impossible to prove something does not exist. We can disprove something does not exist by finding an example of it. Therefore, in research we try to disprove the null hypothesis. When we do find that a relationship (or difference) exists then we reject the null and accept the alternative.
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Slideshare
slideshare.net › home › data & analytics › null and alternative hypothesis.pptx
NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS.pptx
The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship or difference between two variables and is what researchers aim to disprove. It is represented by H0 and can be rejected but not accepted.
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Statistics LibreTexts
stats.libretexts.org › bookshelves › applied statistics › mike’s biostatistics book (dohm) › 8: inferential statistics
8.1: The null and alternative hypotheses - Statistics LibreTexts
September 4, 2024 - The former is referred to as a one-tailed test whereas the latter is called a two-tailed test. The null hypothesis is typically “no statistical difference” between the comparisons.
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National University
resources.nu.edu › statsresources › hypothesis
Null & Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics Resources - LibGuides at National University
In research, there are two types ... Null Hypothesis (H0) – This can be thought of as the implied hypothesis. “Null” meaning “nothing.” This hypothesis states that there is no difference ......
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Colorado
amath.colorado.edu › faculty › vdukic › 4570 › week8_handout_2020.pdf pdf
Statistical Hypotheses Null vs Alternative ...
whether the null hypothesis should be rejected in favor of the ... Thus we might test H0:  = .75 against the alternative Ha:  ≠ .75.
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Shiksha
shiksha.com › home › data science › data science articles › machine learning articles › difference between null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Difference between Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis - Shiksha Online
September 16, 2024 - Null Hypothesis (H0): Eating apples daily does not affect weight loss. Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Eating apples affects weight loss. Problem Statement 2: A researcher wants to know if the height of students at school differs from the national average of 5.5 feet.
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Lumen Learning
courses.lumenlearning.com › introstats1 › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Introduction to Statistics
H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt. Ha: The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to ...
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › data science › difference-between-null-and-alternate-hypothesis
Difference between Null and Alternate Hypothesis - GeeksforGeeks
May 18, 2022 - Null hypothesis is represented as H0. If my alternative hypothesis is that 55% of boys in my town are taller than girls then my alternative hypothesis will be that 55% of boys in my town are not taller than girls.
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Tallahassee State College
tsc.fl.edu › media › divisions › learning-commons › resources-by-subject › math › statistics › Claim-and-Hypothesis.pdf pdf
Identifying the Claim and Setting up Hypothesis for µ or π STA 2023 & 2122
the claim that the proportion is less than 2%, the symbol for the Alternative Hypothesis will be · <. The opposite symbol will be used for the Null Hypothesis.
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Statistics LibreTexts
stats.libretexts.org › campus bookshelves › las positas college › math 40: statistics and probability › 8: hypothesis testing with one sample › 8.1: steps in hypothesis testing
8.1.1: Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics LibreTexts
August 8, 2020 - They are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints. \(H_0\): The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/askstatistics › null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
r/AskStatistics on Reddit: Null hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
January 5, 2021 -

Hey! Can someone explain to me in simple terms the definition of null hypothesis? If u can use an example it would be great! Also if we reject the null hypothesis does it mean that the alternative hypothesis is true?

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Hi! So, yours is actually a sophisticated question that masquerades as a simple one, so I'll try to answer this in a way that conveys the concept while perhaps alluding to some of its problems. At its heart, the null hypothesis is a sort of "straw man" that is defined by a researcher at the beginning of an experiment that usually represents a state of affairs that would be expected to occur if the researcher's proposal were false. Note that a null hypothesis is entirely imaginary, and it has nothing to do with the actual state of the world. It is contrived, usually to show that the actual state of the world is inconsistent with the null hypothesis. Suppose a researcher is trying to determine whether the heights of men and women are different. A suitable null hypothesis might be that the difference of the two population averages (height of men and height of women) is equal to zero. Then the researcher would conduct his or her experiment by measuring the heights of many men and women. When it comes time to draw a statistical conclusion, he or she will compute the probability that the observed data (the set of heights) could have come from the null hypothesis (i.e., a world where there is no difference). This probability is called a "p-value". Conceptually, this is similar to a "proof by contradiction," in which we assert that, if the probability is very small that the data could have originated from the null hypothesis, it must not be true. This is what is meant by "rejecting the null hypothesis". It is different from a proof by contradiction because rejecting the null proves nothing, except perhaps that the null is unlikely to be the source of the observed data. It doesn't prove that the true difference is 5 inches, or 1 inch, or anything. Because of this, rejecting the null hypothesis is in NO WAY equivalent to accepting an alternative hypothesis. Usually, in the course of an experiment, we observe a result (such as the observed height difference, perhaps it is ~5 inches) that, once we reject, replaces the hypothesized value of 0 under the null. However, we DON'T know anything about the probability that our observed value is "correct", which is why we never say that we have "accepted" an alternative. I actually hesitate to discuss an "alternative" hypothesis because most researchers never state one and it doesn't matter for the purposes of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). It is just the name given to the conclusion drawn by the researchers after they have rejected their null hypothesis. Philosophically, there is an adage that data can never be used to prove an assertion, only to disprove one. It includes an analogy about a turkey concluding that he is loved by his human family and is proven wrong upon being slaughtered on Thanksgiving. I'll include a link if I can find it. Now, think about this: The concept of rejecting a null hypothesis probably seems very reasonable as long as we are careful not to overinterpret it, and this is how NHST was performed for decades. But consider - what is the probability that the null hypothesis is true in the first place? In other words, how likely is it that the difference between mens' and womens' heights is equal to zero? I propose that the probability is exactly zero, and if you disagree then I will find a ruler small enough to prove me correct. The difference can never be equal to exactly zero (even though this is the "straw man" that our experiment refutes), so we are effectively testing against a hypothesis that can never be true. Rejecting a hypothesis we already know to be false tells us nothing important ("the data are unlikely to have come from this state that cannot be true"). And since every null hypothesis is imaginary, it is suggested that any null hypothesis can be rejected with enough statistical power (read:sample size). Often a "significant" result says more about a study's sample size than it does about the study's findings, even though the language used in papers/media suggests to readers that the findings are more "important" or "likely to be correct". This has, in part, led to a reproducibility crisis in the sciences and, for some, an undermining of subject-matter-experts' trust in the use of applied statistics.
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The null hypothesis (Ho) signifies no change. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) signifies a change. If we reject the null, we have evidence for the alternative hypothesis. This doesn’t mean that it’s true just that within this study, we have evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. If we fail to reject the null (we don’t use the word accept) then there is not enough evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis. Example: I’m wondering if smoking impacts lung function using a spirometry test that measures forced exploratory volume per second (FEV1). Ho: There is no difference in FEV1 between smokers vs non smokers Ha: There is a difference in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers. Rejecting or failing to reject the null aka Ho will involve more steps than just analyzing the mean FEV1 between the two groups, so let’s stop here before we get into more hypothesis testing.
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Pressbooks
ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub › sccstatistics › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Chapter 9.2: Null and Alternative Hypotheses – College Statistics
July 1, 2022 - In other words, the difference equals 0. Ha: The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to H0 and what we conclude when we reject H0. Since the null and alternative hypotheses are contradictory, you ...
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Crafton Hills College
craftonhills.edu › current-students › tutoring-center › mathematics-tutoring › null_hypothesis_vs_alternative_hypothesis.pdf pdf
How to Identify the Null Hypothesis vs. the Alternative Hypothesis
How to Identify the Null Hypothesis · vs. the Alternative Hypothesis · The Null Hypothesis (Ho): The Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): Contains a statement of equality: The complement of the null hypothesis, which · contains a statement of strict inequality: Mathematical ·
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Texas Gateway
texasgateway.org › resource › 91-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Texas Gateway
In other words, the difference equals 0. Ha—The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to H0 and what we conclude when we reject H0. Since the null and alternative hypotheses are contradictory, you must examine evidence to decide if you have enough ...