multiethnic empire with the monarchs from the Ottoman dynasty (1299–1922)
Factsheet
دولت عليه عثمانیه
Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOs̱mānīye c. 1299–1922
Status Empire
Capital Söğüt
(c. 1299–1331)
Nicaea (İznik)
(1331–1335)
Bursa
(1335–1360s)
Adrianople (Edirne)
(1360s–1453)
Constantinople (Istanbul)
(1453–1922)
(c. 1299–1331)
Nicaea (İznik)
(1331–1335)
Bursa
(1335–1360s)
Adrianople (Edirne)
(1360s–1453)
Constantinople (Istanbul)
(1453–1922)
دولت عليه عثمانیه
Devlet-i ʿAlīye-i ʿOs̱mānīye c. 1299–1922
Status Empire
Capital Söğüt
(c. 1299–1331)
Nicaea (İznik)
(1331–1335)
Bursa
(1335–1360s)
Adrianople (Edirne)
(1360s–1453)
Constantinople (Istanbul)
(1453–1922)
(c. 1299–1331)
Nicaea (İznik)
(1331–1335)
Bursa
(1335–1360s)
Adrianople (Edirne)
(1360s–1453)
Constantinople (Istanbul)
(1453–1922)
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Ottoman_Empire
Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia
19 hours ago - The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Encyclopedia Britannica
britannica.com › geography & travel › historical places
Ottoman Empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica
3 weeks ago - Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes that grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its dynasty was founded by a prince (bey), Osman, after the Mongols defeated the Seljuqs at the end ...
Videos
Where did the Ottoman Empire start?
The Ottoman Empire was founded in Anatolia, the location of modern-day Turkey. Originating in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey), the Ottoman dynasty expanded its reign early on through extensive raiding. This was enabled by the decline of the Seljuq dynasty, the previous rulers of Anatolia, who were suffering defeat from Mongol invasion.
britannica.com
britannica.com › geography & travel › historical places
Ottoman Empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica
How did the Ottoman Empire end?
The Ottoman Empire disintegrated and was partitioned after its defeat in World War I. The empire had already been in decline for centuries, struggling to maintain a bloated bureaucracy or a centralized administrative structure after various attempts at reform. The problem was exacerbated further by the rise of more localized interests across the empire, such as the rise of nationalist movements. Upon the Ottomans’ defeat in World War I, a combination of nationalist movements and partition agreements among the Allied powers forced its disintegration into numerous territories, with Turkey as the
britannica.com
britannica.com › geography & travel › historical places
Ottoman Empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica
How did the Ottoman Empire start?
The Ottoman Empire began at the very end of the 13th century with a series of raids from Turkic warriors (known as ghazis) led by Osman I, a prince (bey) whose father, Ertugrul, had established a power base in Söğüt (near Bursa, Turkey). Osman and his warriors took advantage of a declining Seljuq dynasty, which had been severely weakened by the Mongol invasions. The Ottoman dynasty continued to expand for several generations, controlling much of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa at its peak. Osman’s grandson Murad I laid the foundation for an institutionalized Ottoman stat
britannica.com
britannica.com › geography & travel › historical places
Ottoman Empire | Facts, History, & Map | Britannica
Made in Turkey Tours
madeinturkeytours.com › history › ottoman-empire
A Timeline of the Ottoman Empire
June 10, 2022 - ... Planning a trip to Turkey soon? Answer this trip planner and get your FREE quotation within 24 hours. The Ottoman Empire got its start in what is now Turkey around the fourteenth century.
History Guild
historyguild.org › home › the ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire - History Guild
February 14, 2023 - The Ottoman Empire was a crucial part of the European states system and actively played a role in their affairs, due in part to their coterminous periods of development. In diplomatic history, the “Eastern Question” refers to the strategic competition and political considerations of the European Great Powers in light of the political and economic instability in the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th to early 20th centuries.
New Zealand History
nzhistory.govt.nz › war › ottoman-empire › background
Background | NZ History
The empire was dominated by the Turks but also included Arabs, Kurds, Greeks, Armenians and other ethnic minorities. Officially the Ottoman Empire was an Islamic Caliphate ruled by a Sultan, Mehmed V, although it also contained Christians, Jews and other religious minorities.
OER Project
oerproject.com › OER-Materials › OER-Media › HTML-Articles › 1750 › Unit1 › The-Ottoman-Empire
The Ottoman Empire
November 19, 2024 - The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest size in the late seventeenth century but lasted until 1922. It was one of the largest and most long-lasting empires in world history.
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
History of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia
5 days ago - The Ottoman Empire was founded c. 1299 by Turkoman chieftain Osman I as a small beylik in northwestern Anatolia just south of the Byzantine capital Constantinople. In 1326, the Ottoman Turks captured nearby Bursa, cutting off Asia Minor from ...
HISTORY
history.com › home › articles › ottoman empire - wwi, decline & definition | history
Ottoman Empire - WWI, Decline & Definition | HISTORY
The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years.
Published May 28, 2025
ThoughtCo
thoughtco.com › ultans-of-the-ottoman-empire-1221866
The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire: 1300 to 1924
June 7, 2024 - ... The Ottoman Empire, started by Osman I, lasted from about 1300 until 1924. Sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire, expanding their territory and sometimes facing big changes or challenges.
Medieval Ware
medievalware.com › home › medieval blog › where did the ottoman empire come from?
Where Did The Ottoman Empire Come From? - Medieval Ware
August 16, 2023 - The Ottoman state began as a small principality at the juncture of East and West, and grew rapidly to become one of the most powerful empires in history.
Britannica
britannica.com › geography & travel › historical places
The rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire | Britannica
Ottoman Empire, Former empire centred in Anatolia.
Cristoraul
cristoraul.org › ENGLISH › readinghall › THIRDMILLENNIUMLIBRARY › GEORGE-FINLAY › PDFLIBRARY › A-History-of-the-Ottoman-Empire.pdf pdf
A History of the Ottoman Empire
History of Turkey (2nd ed., 2016), and has published articles · on Ottoman military and literary history in journals such as
YouTube
youtube.com › knowledgia
The History of the Ottoman Empire (All Parts) - 1299 - 1922 - YouTube
The entire history of the Ottoman Empire (All Parts) - 1299 - 1922The Ottoman Empire was founded circa 1299 by Osman I in northwestern Asia Minor, south of t...
Published April 19, 2021 Views 7M
YouTube
youtube.com › watch
The Entire History of the Ottoman Empire
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
Khan Academy
khanacademy.org › humanities › whp-1750 › xcabef9ed3fc7da7b:unit-1-the-world-in-1750 › xcabef9ed3fc7da7b:1-3-expanding-to-a-global-scale › a › read-ottoman-empire-beta
Khan Academy - READ: Ottoman Empire
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OpenStax
openstax.org › books › world-history-volume-2 › pages › 4-2-the-ottoman-empire
4.2 The Ottoman Empire - World History Volume 2, from 1400 | OpenStax
December 14, 2022 - The Ottoman state originated in the fertile plains of Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor, roughly modern-day Turkey), which lies between the Aegean Sea ...
The Conversation
theconversation.com › five-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-ottoman-empire-192137
Five things you need to know about the Ottoman empire
October 8, 2025 - The walls of the city of Vienna marked the apex of the Ottoman’s empire power and the beginnings of its slow and gradual demise. The empire became a subject of admiration in the European courts. Its cultural life attracted the attention of western European thinkers and artists.
Turkey Travel Planner
turkeytravelplanner.com › home › the ottoman (turkish) empire
Ottoman Empire History
July 11, 2022 - Starting as a small warrior band raiding the Byzantine frontier, the Ottoman Turks built an empire from Morocco to Iran, from the deserts of Iraq and Arabia to the gates of Vienna.
Reddit
reddit.com › r/askhistorians › among muslim refugees to the ottoman empire (1770s-1900s) was there ever any desire or political movement for them to return?
r/AskHistorians on Reddit: Among Muslim refugees to the Ottoman Empire (1770s-1900s) was there ever any desire or political movement for them to return?
February 9, 2025 -
I am reading the book Turkey: A modern history and ran into this passage:
"Immigration of Muslims into the empire had been a feature of Ottoman life since the late eighteenth century. It was caused by the expansion of the Russian Empire along the shores of the Black Sea and in the Caucasus. After the Russian conquest of the Crimea (1771) and again after the Crimean War (1854–1856) large numbers, possibly up to half a million, of Muslim Tatars had migrated from the northern shore of the Black Sea. More to the east the Russians had been able to incorporate the uplands of the Caucasus in 1864, after a long struggle against Circassian guerilla groups. Again, many Muslims, sometimes including whole tribes, preferred migrating to the Ottoman lands to living under Christian rulers. Sometimes the Russian army and Georgian and Cossack bands had terrorized them into leaving. The total number of refugees from the Caucasus has been estimated as high as two million."
Among these displaced Muslim populations, was there ever any political goal for the empire to recover this territory so they could return?
Top answer 1 of 2
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Largely no. By the time the empire lost Crimea the adminstrative cadre was fully aware that their Empire is spiraling down and started reform movements to overcome the challenges. There were some slight reforms were introduced during 18th century, its pace really started to go up during the reign of Selim III. However, the reforms of Selim were cut short due to Janissary rebellion and his successor Mahmut II made sure to get rid of the Janissaries before attempt to reforming the state. He did by literally bombarding their barracks in the capital for days. It happened in 1826. After that the state quickly adapted adminstrative, military, naval, and cultural reforms. Reforms were successful but it took time the Ottomans lacked. Foreign powers started to slow down the process by supporting insurgencies in the Empire. During Mahmut II's reign the Empire had its hand full with internal issues. Like Greek rebellion, Serbian and Romanian rebellions. Mehmet Ali in Egypt becoming independent all but in name. In this time and the afterwards the Empire had no goal to conquer its lost territories aside from those in Middle East. Such as Yemen, Syria and Egypt. The state was hoping that Britain and France would support it if it comes to war with Russians as they did in 1854, which was a victory for the Ottomans but they did not gain their lost territories. Since Britain and France were not allowing it, they were just making sure the Empire is not collapsing early enough to get steamrolled by Russia. In the Balkans Ottomans were at peace with Austrians since1792 and had no desire to upset the balance of power in the Balkans since Russia and Russian backed insurgencies in the Balkans were threatinng both empires. Thus, the state had no political agenda to conquer anything in Europe. It was trying to survive while supressing rebellions and Western imperalism, while reforming the country. Any war of conquest would never be materialized anyways because the Western powers would definitely intervene against any Ottoman victory in the Balkans.
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Lumen Learning
courses.lumenlearning.com › suny-hccc-worldhistory2 › chapter › the-ottoman-empire
The Ottoman Empire | History of Western Civilization II
The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I in the 14th century and reached its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, stretching from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north.