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So I watched a few tutorials on how to insert P-hat (the statistics math symbol) in excel and when I go to >Insert >symbol >symbol and this is what pops up screenshot. I have the option to edit the symbol list and here is the options to choose from Screen shot of list. Thank you so much anyone that can help me out with this newb question. If this has already been asked and I couldn't find it please direct me to the post. Have an awesome day!
This guide teaches you how to insert hat symbols (e.g., p̂, x̂, ŷ) commonly used in math and science writing for Google Docs.
For Google Docs:
Go to "Insert" menu and select "Equation."
Type "\hat" (for regular hat) or "\widehat" (for wider hat) in the equation box.
Press "Spacebar" to see the hat symbol appear.
Type your desired letter (uppercase or lowercase works).
Press the right arrow key to exit the equation box and finalize the hat symbol.
Want to see the full step-by-step tutorial with screenshots? Visit this link: https://appsthatdeliver.com/app-tutorials/google-docs/how-to-insert-a-hat-symbol-in-google-docs/
For Google Slides (workaround):
Unfortunately, Google Slides lacks a built-in equation editor.
Copy and paste the desired letter with a hat symbol from the provided table in the article.
After pasting, clear any background formatting and consider using the Arial font for best results.
Bonus Tip: This article offers a table containing uppercase and lowercase alphabets with hat symbols for easy copy-pasting into your documents or slides.
You can switch to the Greek font and use the corresponding hat accent.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{textgreek}
\newcommand{\pihat}{{\textgreekfont\^\textpi}}
\begin{document}
\^a\pihat x
\end{document}
It's not really the same shape, though. If you want the same glyph, you have to go the hard way.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{textgreek}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\pihat}{%
\leavevmode
\vbox{%
\offinterlineskip
\ialign{\hfil##\hfil\cr\^{}\cr\noalign{\vskip-1ex}\textpi\cr}%
}%
}
\begin{document}
\^a\pihat x
\end{document}
An accent command (like \^) must be followed by the character to be accented, with only font assignments intervening. But the expansion of \textpi seems to be much more complex than that, so that when TeX finally "sees" the pi character, it cannot relate this to the accent command any more.
If you know the name of the font that contains the upright pi (say, \textgreekfont) and which character position is occupied by pi within that font (say, p), you could write \^{\textgreekfont p}.
In the frequentist tradition (which is what you are using here) the random variable is the data. The population parameters are mathematically treated as constant. This is what leads to the somewhat counterintuitive "null hypothesis" setup we use in intro statistics, because the probability we return (usually in the form of a p-value) is a probability on the sample given constant population parameter set at the null hypothesis values.
I would imagine this is why you see the notation you do in introductory many textbooks.
I don't see a $\hat{p}$ in the figure you posted, but from the formula in the figure, $p_1$ and $p_2$ are statistics. Once you calculate a statistic, it becomes a realization of the random variable (Be aware that I am not saying that your statistic is the true population parameter).
Above all, remember that in most cases upper/lower cases are conventions. They might be widespread, which can be helpful in many cases, but there is no law that forces you to write a random variable's "name" in uppercase. It's common for introductory (and even advanced) books to have a discussion on symbols and style. That section will help you understand the notation the author(s) has adopted.