Dependent on the result you want, you can combine them normally such as;

for v in values: print(f"{v:<10.2} value")

#1.2e+01    value
#1.4e+01    value

However, your result does not seem like the result you're looking for.

To force the fixed notation of the 2 you need to add f:

for v in values: print(f"{v:<10.2f} value")

#12.11      value
#13.95      value

You can read more on format specifications here.

You need to keep the alignment and padding tokens separate from each other:

def display_pattern(n):
    padding = 4
    align = ">"
    temp = ''
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        temp = f'{i:{align}{padding}}' + temp
        print(temp)

EDIT:

I think this isn't quite correct. I've done some testing and the following works as well:

def display_pattern(n):
    align = ">4"
    temp = ''
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        temp = f'{i:{align}}' + temp
        print(temp)

So I can't really say why your method wouldn't work...