In Windows one line with spaces should work, but in Linux we have to pass the arguments as list.

• We can build the command as a list:

   command = ['ffmpeg', '-i', 'head1.png', '-i', 'hdmiSpitting.mov', '-filter_complex', '[0:v][1:v]overlay=0:0', '-pix_fmt', 'yuv420p', '-c:a', 'copy', 'output3.mov']
  

• We may also use shlex.split:

   import shlex
   command = shlex.split('ffmpeg -i head1.png -i hdmiSpitting.mov -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=0:0" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output3.mov')
  

Adding -y argument:
If the output file output3.mov already exists, FFmpeg prints a message:
File 'output3.mov' already exists. Overwrite? [y/N]
And waits for the user to press y.
In some development environments we can't see the message.
Add -y for overwriting the output if already exists (without asking):

command = shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -i head1.png -i hdmiSpitting.mov -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=0:0" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output3.mov')

Path issues:
There are cases when ffmpeg executable is not in the execution path.
Using full path may be necessary.
Example for Windows (assuming ffmpeg.exe is in c:\FFmpeg\bin):

command = shlex.split('c:\\FFmpeg\\bin\\ffmpeg.exe -y -i head1.png -i hdmiSpitting.mov -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=0:0" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output3.mov')

In Linux, the default path is /usr/bin/ffmpeg.

Using shell=True is not recommended and considered "unsafe".
For details see Security Considerations.
The default is False, so we may use subprocess.call(command).

Note: subprocess.run supposes to replace subprocess.call.
See this post for details.

Creating log file by adding -report argument:
In some development environments we can't see FFmpeg messages, which are printed to the console (written to stderr).
Adding -report argument creates a log file with name like ffmpeg-20220624-114156.log.
The log file may tell us what went wrong when we can't see the console.

Example:

import subprocess
import shlex
subprocess.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -i head1.png -i hdmiSpitting.mov -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=0:0" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output3.mov -report'))

When you use subprocess, your command must either be a string that looks exactly like what you would type on the command line (and you set shell=True), or a list where each command is an item in the list (and you take the default shell=False). In either case, you have to deal with the variable part of the string. For instance, the operating system has no idea what "%03d" is, you have to fill it in.

I can't tell from your question exactly what the parameters are, but lets assume you want to convert frame 3, it would look something like this in a string:

my_frame = 3
subprocess.call(
    'ffmpeg -r 10 -i frame%03d.png -r ntsc movie%03d.mpg' % (my_frame, my_frame),
    shell=True)

Its kinda subtle in this example, but that's risky. Suppose these things were in a directory whose name name had spaces (e.g., ./My Movies/Scary Movie). The shell would be confused by those spaces.

So, you can put it into a list and avoid the problem

my_frame = 3
subprocess.call([
    'ffmpeg',
    '-r', '10',
    '-i', 'frame%03d.png' % my_frame,
    '-r', 'ntsc',
    'movie%03d.mpg' % my_frame,
])

More typing, but safer.

For the later generations looking for the answer, this worked. (You have to separate the command by the spaces.)

import os
import subprocess
os.chdir('C://Users/Alex/')
subprocess.call(['ffmpeg', '-i', 'picture%d0.png', 'output.avi'])
subprocess.call(['ffmpeg', '-i', 'output.avi', '-t', '5', 'out.gif'])

From a brief look at FFMPY, you could do this using ffmpy.FFmpeg, as that allows any and all FFMPEG command line options, including -f. -- Click the link for documentation.

You could do the FFMPEG command with os.system. You'll need to import OS anyway to iterate through the files.

You would need to iterate through all the files in a directory though. This would be the more challenging bit, it's quite easy with a for loop though.

for filename in os.listdir(path):
    if (filename.endswith(".mp4")): #or .avi, .mpeg, whatever.
        os.system("ffmpeg -i {0} -f image2 -vf fps=fps=1 output%d.png".format(filename))
    else:
        continue

The above code iterates through the directory at path, and uses command prompt to execute your given FFMPEG command, using the filename (if it's a video file) in place of mymovie.avi