First arg is including. Srcond one is excluding More on reddit.com

The easiest way to think about it for me is this... Python is 0 indexed for everything. So if I want a range with 10 digits, I would say range(10). But that means that it's 0 ... 9 in order to get 10 digits. And it's that 0 indexed part that has to be consistent. So range(10) = range(0, 10). And then extrapolated it is range(start, stop) -> but start is inclusive and stop is exclusive in order to remain consistent across the board. This might seem odd when taken in isolation, but the fact that Python is 0 indexed everywhere means that you can use the range function combined with the length of lists and other things much easier. More on reddit.com

It may seem special, but its just a normal for loop. You can call the range() function separately from these loops to generate a range object. These are iterables, and can be converted into lists, tuples, etc. Try doing something like print(list(range(5))), and it will show [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]. You can think of it just being a normal list, like this: for i in range(5): print(i) for i in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]: print(i) So to answer your other question about for j in range(i), think about it this way. for i in range(3): for j in range(i): print(j) The first time this runs, i will be 0 and it will increase by 1 every time it the loop runs, so it will be running for i in range(0) the first time, for i in range(1) the second time, and so on. range() accepts 3 arguments, start, stop, and step. Lets do some examples list(range(10)) # stop at 10 # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] list(range(5, 10)) # start at 5, end at 10 # [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] list(range(0, 10, 2)) # start at 0, end at 10, increment by 2 each time # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8] Hopefully this explains it a bit more! More on reddit.com

Use a 'code block' in the 'new' reddit to paste code so we can see indents which are vital to python! for i in range(n + 1): sum = sum + i * i * i when you say 'for i in range(n + 1)' you are creating a variable called 'i' and setting it equal to the first value in the second part of the line called range(). every time the loop loops, i becomes the next value in the second part of the line (in this case range()) Check this code out to understand it: my_list = ['potato', 'pineapple', 'strawberry', 'banana', 'orange'] for var in my_list: #instead of 'i' i used 'var' you can use any name you want, since you are creating the variable. var is = to a value in my_list, and will go to the next value every time the loop loops. This will run a total of 5 times, because there are 5 items in the list we are looping through (my_list) print(var) now put that in your terminal/whatever and see the output, itll look like this: potato pineapple strawberry banana orange its the same with range() -- example: range(5) just means every number between 0 and 5, including 0 but not 5. so range(5) has 5 items, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. our loop should run 5 times: for i in range(5): print(i) you should see the output: 0 1 2 3 4 if you ever want to know more about certain parts of python, google it, for example: 'python range()' will give you tons of results that are helpful. More on reddit.com