To set the default version of Python, you need to have installed Python Launcher (cf below for some info). If you didn't, you can probably install it by using the installation .exe of one of your Python installations, and selecting modifying/repair.

You also need to know where your Python Launcher is:

• if you installed it for all users, it is in C:\WINDOWS\,
• if not, it is in %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Launcher\.

In this example, the latest installed version of Python is Python 3.11 but the version that should be the default one is Python 3.6.

To set a default Python version:

• go to your Python Launcher Folder and create 2 files: py.ini and pyw.ini

• make sure that both of these files are UFT-8 (they shouldn't be UFT-8 with BOM)

• add to each of these files:

   [defaults]   
   python=3.6
  

• now, right click on any .py, select open with, select check another app, check Always use this app..., scroll all the way down and click on more app... and navigate to your Python Launcher folder and select the py.exe.

• do the previous step again but this time, right-click on a .pyw file and select the pyw.exe.

How to use it

● in a CMD:

• Do not use anymore python in CMD, always use py. If you type just py, then it will open a Python 3.6 console. If you want a Python 3.11 console, type py -3.11.

• As indicated in the comment by @karl-knechtel: If you have an active venv, using python instead of py` will prioritize the venv's Python, which is generally what you want.

• To use pip to install :

  py -3.11 -m pip install # will install package for 3.11 py -m pip install # will install package for 3.6

● For python files:

• If the file doesn't contain a shebang, then it will be started with the default Python version which is 3.6.
• To use Python 3.11 for this file, add the shebang #!python3.11 at the very top of your script

To verify that everything is working:

• open a CMD, write py -0p and look for the *. It should be next to the default version you have set in the .ini files.

  Installed Pythons found by py Launcher for Windows
  -3.11-64 C:\Users<user>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\python.exe
  -3.6-64 C:\Users<user>\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe *

• With this setup, you can use the specific version of Python that you need in your scripts:

  • 3.6 (as it will call the default version)

    import sys   
    print(sys.version_info)  
    input("close")  
    

  • 3.6 (as it will call the default)

    #!python   
    import sys   
    print(sys.version_info)   
    input("close")   
    

  • 3.11

    #!python3.11   
    import sys  
    print(sys.version_info)   
    input("close")   
    

  • 3.11 (as it is the latest python 3 installed)

    #!python3    
    import sys   
    print(sys.version_info)   
    input("close")   
    

Some info about the Python launcher from docs.python.org

The Python launcher for Windows is a utility which aids in locating and executing of different Python versions. It allows scripts (or the command-line) to indicate a preference for a specific Python version, and will locate and execute that version. Unlike the PATH variable, the launcher will correctly select the most appropriate version of Python. It will prefer per-user installations over system-wide ones, and orders by language version rather than using the most recently installed version.

Two .ini files will be searched by the launcher - py.ini in the current user’s “application data” directory [...] and py.ini in the same directory as the launcher. The same .ini files are used for both the ‘console’ version of the launcher (i.e. py.exe) and for the ‘windows’ version (i.e. pyw.exe).

Customization specified in the “application directory” will have precedence over the one next to the executable, so a user, who may not have write access to the .ini file next to the launcher, can override commands in that global .ini file.

⚠ Your python version can be installed either for all user (python.exe will be in program files) or for the profile (python.exe will be in appdata). If it doesn't work, try uninstalling all python version, and the launcher and reinstall everything as current user to start clean. To do that, download the .exe of your current Python installation, run it and click on uninstall (dont delete the remaining folder in app data if you want to keep your python packages), then reinstall it. If you install the launcher for all users but python for current user, your python.exe will be in appdata (a folder for each version), and your launcher will be C:\Windows\py.exe

If you want to install it for all "all users" and the check box is grayed out: you need first to uninstall the python launcher. If it's still grayed uninstall the python version(s) that remains (everything wil be in program files).