There are a lot of options for creating a pdf in python. Some of these options are ReportLab, pydf2, pdfdocument and FPDF.

The FPDF library is fairly stragihtforward to use and is what I've used in this example. FPDF Documentation can be found here.

It's perhaps also good to think about what python modules you might want to use to create graphs and tables. In my example, I use matplotlib (link to docs) and I also use Pandas to create a dataframe using pandas.dataframe().

I've posted a rather lengthy but fully reproducible example below, using pandas, matplotlib and fpdf. The data are a subset of what the OP provided in the question. I loop through the dataframe in my example to create the table, but there are alternative and perhaps more efficient ways to do this.

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib
from pylab import title, figure, xlabel, ylabel, xticks, bar, legend, axis, savefig
from fpdf import FPDF


df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Question'] = ["Q1", "Q2", "Q3", "Q4"]
df['Charles'] = [3, 4, 5, 3]
df['Mike'] = [3, 3, 4, 4]

title("Professor Criss's Ratings by Users")
xlabel('Question Number')
ylabel('Score')

c = [2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0]
m = [x - 0.5 for x in c]

xticks(c, df['Question'])

bar(m, df['Mike'], width=0.5, color="#91eb87", label="Mike")
bar(c, df['Charles'], width=0.5, color="#eb879c", label="Charles")

legend()
axis([0, 10, 0, 8])
savefig('barchart.png')

pdf = FPDF()
pdf.add_page()
pdf.set_xy(0, 0)
pdf.set_font('arial', 'B', 12)
pdf.cell(60)
pdf.cell(75, 10, "A Tabular and Graphical Report of Professor Criss's Ratings by Users Charles and Mike", 0, 2, 'C')
pdf.cell(90, 10, " ", 0, 2, 'C')
pdf.cell(-40)
pdf.cell(50, 10, 'Question', 1, 0, 'C')
pdf.cell(40, 10, 'Charles', 1, 0, 'C')
pdf.cell(40, 10, 'Mike', 1, 2, 'C')
pdf.cell(-90)
pdf.set_font('arial', '', 12)
for i in range(0, len(df)):
    pdf.cell(50, 10, '%s' % (df['Question'].iloc[i]), 1, 0, 'C')
    pdf.cell(40, 10, '%s' % (str(df.Mike.iloc[i])), 1, 0, 'C')
    pdf.cell(40, 10, '%s' % (str(df.Charles.iloc[i])), 1, 2, 'C')
    pdf.cell(-90)
pdf.cell(90, 10, " ", 0, 2, 'C')
pdf.cell(-30)
pdf.image('barchart.png', x = None, y = None, w = 0, h = 0, type = '', link = '')
pdf.output('test.pdf', 'F')

Expected test.pdf:

Update (April 2020): I made an edit to the original answer in April 2020 to replace use of pandas.DataFrame.ix() since this is deprecated. In my example I was able to replace it's use with pandas.DataFrame.iloc and the output is the same as before.

One interesting solution is to use plotly because it can generate good charts, and it can also write formulas with latex. Used with a HTML library like xhtml2pdf, you can generate any report.

In addition to that, it is a python library, so you can collect data from anywhere (database, excel file, etc.)

To install it:

pip install plotly

pip install xhtml2pdf

Example of pdf generation report from HTML:

import plotly
import xhtml2pdf

from xhtml2pdf import pisa             # import python module

graph_block = (''
            '<a href="{graph_url}" target="_blank">' # Open the interactive graph when you click on the image
                '<img style="height: 400px;" src="{graph_url}.png">'
            '</a>')
report_block = ('' +
    graph_block +
    '{caption}' + # Optional caption to include below the graph
    '<br>'      + # Line break
    '<a href="{graph_url}" style="color: rgb(190,190,190); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 200;" target="_blank">'+
        'Click to comment and see the interactive graph' + # Direct readers to Plotly for commenting, interactive graph
    '</a>' +
    '<br>' +
    '<hr>') # horizontal line                       



# Utility function
def convert_html_to_pdf(source_html, output_filename):
    # open output file for writing (truncated binary)
    result_file = open(output_filename, "w+b")

    # convert HTML to PDF
    pisa_status = pisa.CreatePDF(
            source_html,                # the HTML to convert
            dest=result_file)           # file handle to recieve result

    # close output file
    result_file.close()                 # close output file

    # return True on success and False on errors
    return pisa_status.err


convert_html_to_pdf(report_block , 'report.pdf')

Example of text in Latex:

import plotly.express as px

fig = px.line(x=[1, 2, 3, 4], y=[1, 4, 9, 16], title=r'$\alpha_{1c} = 352 \pm 11 \text{ km s}^{-1}$')
fig.update_layout(
    xaxis_title=r'$\sqrt{(n_\text{c}(t|{T_\text{early}}))}$',
    yaxis_title=r'$d, r \text{ (solar radius)}$'
)
fig.show()

Sources:

https://plotly.com/python/v3/pdf-reports/

https://plotly.com/python/LaTeX/