Copyimport re

regexes = [
    "foo.*",
    "bar.*",
    "qu*x"
    ]

# Make a regex that matches if any of our regexes match.
combined = "(" + ")|(".join(regexes) + ")"

if re.match(combined, mystring):
    print "Some regex matched!"

I have made some changes to your function:

def get_matching_pattern(filename):            ## Function name changed
    for pattern in patterns_lst:
        match = re.search(pattern, filename)   ## Use re.search method

        if match:                              ## Correct the indentation of if condition
            return match                       ## You also don't need an else statement

Output:

>>> print(get_matching_pattern("6179504_10_TEST_Comments_22-Nov-2021_22-Nov-2021.xlsx"))
<re.Match object; span=(8, 24), match='10_TEST_Comments'>

import re

def func1(s):
    print s, "is a nice string"

def func2(s):
    print s, "is a bad string"

funcs = {
    r".*pat1.*": func1,
    r".*pat2.*": func2
}
s = "Some string with both pat1 and pat2"

for pat, func in funcs.items():
    if re.search(pat, s):
        func(s)

The above code will call both functions for the string s because both patterns are matched.

Full Example (Python 3):
For Python 2.x look into Note below

import re

mylist = ["dog", "cat", "wildcat", "thundercat", "cow", "hooo"]
r = re.compile(".*cat")
newlist = list(filter(r.match, mylist)) # Read Note below
print(newlist)

Prints:

['cat', 'wildcat', 'thundercat']

Note:

For Python 2.x developers, filter returns a list already. In Python 3.x filter was changed to return an iterator so it has to be converted to list (in order to see it printed out nicely).

Python 3 code example
Python 2.x code example