Just do

Image.fromarray(np.array(img).astype(np.uint8).transpose(1,2,0))

You need a properly sized numpy array, meaning a HxWx3 array with integers. I tested it with the following code and input, seems to work as expected.

import os.path
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image


def pil2numpy(img: Image = None) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Convert an HxW pixels RGB Image into an HxWx3 numpy ndarray
    """

    if img is None:
        img = Image.open('amsterdam_190x150.jpg'))

    np_array = np.asarray(img)
    return np_array


def numpy2pil(np_array: np.ndarray) -> Image:
    """
    Convert an HxWx3 numpy array into an RGB Image
    """

    assert_msg = 'Input shall be a HxWx3 ndarray'
    assert isinstance(np_array, np.ndarray), assert_msg
    assert len(np_array.shape) == 3, assert_msg
    assert np_array.shape[2] == 3, assert_msg

    img = Image.fromarray(np_array, 'RGB')
    return img


if __name__ == '__main__':
    data = pil2numpy()
    img = numpy2pil(data)
    img.show()

I am using:

• Python 3.6.3
• numpy 1.14.2
• Pillow 4.3.0

Note that this answer is outdated as of 2018; scipy has deprecated imread, and you should switch to imageio.imread. See this transition doc about differences between the two. The code below should work with no changes if you just import the new library in place of the old, but I haven’t tested it.

The simplest answer is to use the NumPy and SciPy wrappers around PIL. There's a great tutorial, but the basic idea is:

from scipy import misc
arr = misc.imread('lena.png') # 640x480x3 array
arr[20, 30] # 3-vector for a pixel
arr[20, 30, 1] # green value for a pixel

For a 640x480 RGB image, this will give you a 640x480x3 array of uint8.

Or you can just open the file with PIL (or, rather, Pillow; if you're still using PIL, this may not work, or may be very slow) and pass it straight to NumPy:

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
img = Image.open('lena.png')
arr = np.array(img) # 640x480x4 array
arr[20, 30] # 4-vector, just like above

This will give you a 640x480x4 array of type uint8 (the 4th is alpha; PIL always loads PNG files as RGBA, even if they have no transparency; see img.getbands() if you're every unsure).

If you don't want to use NumPy at all, PIL's own PixelArray type is a more limited array:

arr = img.load()
arr[20, 30] # tuple of 4 ints

This gives you a 640x480 PixelAccess array of RGBA 4-tuples.

Or you can just call getpixel on the image:

img.getpixel(20, 30) # tuple of 4 ints

rgb = np.dstack((r,g,b))  # stacks 3 h x w arrays -> h x w x 3

To also convert floats 0 .. 1 to uint8 s,

rgb_uint8 = (np.dstack((r,g,b)) * 255.999) .astype(np.uint8)  # right, Janna, not 256

In your comment you specify that the red_arr, etc. are arrays of the range -4000 to 4000.

But if we take a look at the specifications of the Image.from_array modes, then we see that it expects a matrix of three bytes (values from zero to 255).

This is however not per se a problem: we can perform:

def rescale(arr):
    arr_min = arr.min()
    arr_max = arr.max()
    return (arr - arr_min) / (arr_max - arr_min)

red_arr_b = 255.0 * rescale(red_arr)
green_arr_b = 255.0 * rescale(green_arr)
blue_arr_b = 255.0 * rescale(blue_arr)

arr[:,:,0] = red_arr_b
arr[:,:,1] = green_arr_b
arr[:,:,2] = blue_arr_b

img = Image.fromarray(arr.astype(int), 'RGB')

So first we rescale to a range 0 to 255, and then we feed that array to the PIL.

It is also possible that we want to scale red, green and blue the same way. In that case we can use:

def rescale(arr):
    arr_min = arr.min()
    arr_max = arr.max()
    return (arr - arr_min) / (arr_max - arr_min)

arr[:,:,0] = red_arr
arr[:,:,1] = green_arr
arr[:,:,2] = blue_arr

arr = 255.0 * rescale(arr)

img = Image.fromarray(arr.astype(int), 'RGB')

You can use PIL again:

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
image_RGB = np.array([[[18, 18, 20], [12, 12, 14], [7, 7, 9], [9, 9, 11], [15, 15, 17], [15, 15, 17], [8, 8, 10], [1, 1, 3], [6, 6, 8], [6, 6, 8], [6, 6, 8], [7, 7, 9], [7, 7, 9], [8, 8, 10]]])
image = Image.fromarray(image_RGB.astype('uint8')).convert('RGB')
image.save('image.jpg')

imshow in the matplotlib library will do the job

what's critical is that your NumPy array has the correct shape:

height x width x 3

(or height x width x 4 for RGBA)

>>> import os
>>> # fetching a random png image from my home directory, which has size 258 x 384
>>> img_file = os.path.expanduser("test-1.png")

>>> from scipy import misc
>>> # read this image in as a NumPy array, using imread from scipy.misc
>>> M = misc.imread(img_file)

>>> M.shape       # imread imports as RGBA, so the last dimension is the alpha channel
    array([258, 384, 4])

>>> # now display the image from the raw NumPy array:
>>> from matplotlib import pyplot as PLT

>>> PLT.imshow(M)
>>> PLT.show()

Seems that your array needs to be of type uint8, then everything works.

Working example:

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from PIL.PngImagePlugin import PngInfo
a = np.array([[[255, 0, 0], [0, 255, 0]],     # Red   Green
              [[0, 0, 255], [0, 0, 0]]],      # Blue  Black
             dtype=np.uint8)      
img = Image.fromarray(a).convert("RGB")
metadata = PngInfo()                    # I need to add metadata, thus the use of Pillow and **not cv2**
metadata.add_text("key", "value")
img.save("test.png", pnginfo=metadata)

Cheers!

I think this is solved here, remember if you want a RGB image you need 3 channels and that means a matrix with shape (NxMx3).

Convert 2d array to collored image in python

Cheers!

Edit:

This is an example of how you can stack your 2D arrays into a 3D one with the shape you need.

import numpy as np
#some random arrays i just created for test
r = np.array([3,3,3])
g = np.array([6,6,6])
b = np.array([9,9,9])
bl = np.array([12,12,12])

#create the stacked arrays
stacked = np.dstack((r,g,b,bl))

#check the shape
print(np.shape(stacked))

Evidently imsave supports "file-like objects" of which io.BytesIO is the one I need:

buffer = BytesIO()
imsave(buffer, rgb)
encoded_png = buffer.getbuffer()

#and then my class derived from BaseHTTPRequestHandler can transmit it as the response to a GET
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-Type", "image/png")
self.end_headers()

self.wfile.write(encoded_png)
return