Both Sass and Less are CSS preprocessors.

From keycdn.com

A CSS preprocessor is basically a scripting language that extends CSS and then compiles it into regular CSS.

So Sass and Less don't change the functionality of CSS, as they are compiled into plain old CSS. What they do is make it easier to write and maintain CSS with tools such as mixins, nesting, variables, and more.

SCSS, which stands for 'Sassy CSS' is one of two syntaxes for Sass.
From the sass reference:

The second and older syntax, known as the indented syntax (or sometimes just "Sass"), provides a more concise way of writing CSS.

The difference

Both Sass and Less have very similar features. There are syntactical differences, for example, Sass uses $ for variables whereas less uses @ .
There are some slightly more subjective differences, this website claims that "LESS Has More User-Friendly Documentation Than SCSS", however personally I have found the SCSS documentation and examples very easy to use.

Answer from Keir on Stack Overflow
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IONOS
ionos.com › digital guide › websites › web development › sass
SASS vs LESS vs SCSS - That are the differences - IONOS
October 12, 2020 - This is a helpful feature, but it rep­re­sents the extent of logical links in LESS. SASS, on the other hand, offers loops and case dis­tinc­tions as known from pro­gram­ming languages. With SASS, users are free to choose between “indented syntax” or SCSS. Each developer can decide for them­selves whether they would like to move away from the CSS rules or stay closer to the original.
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Frontend Mentor
frontendmentor.io › articles › css-preprocessors-sass-or-less-which-to-choose-JOI20I1xNL
Sass vs Less | Which CSS Preprocessor to Choose
Sass is essentially known for its slower compile speed compared to Less. This is due to its extensive feature set. It efficiently processes Sass or SCSS files into CSS, and the speed is often influenced by factors such as file size and complexity.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/webdev › eli5: sass vs. less
r/webdev on Reddit: ELI5: SASS vs. LESS
March 2, 2014 -

hey guys,

i'm starting to get into web development on my own, just wanted a cool new hobby and I've always wanted to design my own website. I just finished the courses on html, CSS and Java from codeacademy. From browsing this forum and talking to people, I foudn out about SASS and LESS too, extremely interesting, i didn't even know about them when I first started! Just a question, I've been researching, but I still don't know the difference between SASS and LESS, can someone help? Which one is better to do? What do most professional use? and lastly, why are SASS and LESS better than CSS itself?

EDIT: changed "learning" to finishing courses on codeacademy, since I know there is a ton more to learn.

Top answer
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I would suggest that you stick with CSS for some time and not bother with fancy stuff like LESS, SASS, CoffeScript, HAML and lots of other cool sounding names. These are helpful but an overkill for beginners like you. Start with the basics, create vanilla HTML + CSS websites, maybe sprinkle them with some JavaScript. Learn to create semantic html, modular css, adopt consistent naming conventions, learn about cross-browser issues. After you've done a couple of static websites, start experimenting :) Include some css preprocessors, html preprocessors, css frameworks or js frameworks in you workflow. Also, not Java but JavaScript. These are different languages. DO invest time in learning JavaScript (not jQuery!!!), all its quirks, strengths and weaknesses. P.S. I prefer SASS. A small clarification: i did not suggest to not learn jQuery, it's a great tool that saved my sanity many times. I suggested that the beginner should learn JavaScript first and only then - jQuery. Why? the abundance of jQuery plugins that duplicate native JavaScript functions, clearly people are not aware of js standart library i've interviewed lots of people who claim that they know jQuery language (wait what?), but when you bring up JavaScript in conversation you get a blank stare in response http://www.doxdesk.com/img/updates/20091116-so-large.gif (i know it's fake) People are lazy. Many of those who go straight for jQuery, never care to look back - see what's under the hood and learn JavaScript properly.
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They are essentially the same, preprocessors for css. Only real difference is SASS was written in Ruby and LESS in JS. You are able to write your own mixins (think of methods from Java), define variables, and separate out your css into partials (kinda like classes in Java). You can also nest selectors within one another, however rule of thumb is if you nest more than 4 times, you're doing it wrong. Both accomplish one major concept, DRY - don't repeat yourself. It boils down to preference. I prefer SASS, but I have nothing against Less.
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KeyCDN
keycdn.com › blog › sass-vs-less
CSS Preprocessors - Sass vs Less - KeyCDN
You can think of them as more of a programming language designed to make CSS more maintainable, themeable, and extendable. Both Sass and Less are backward compatible so you can easily convert your existing CSS files just by renaming the .css file extension to .less or .scss, respectively.
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Achilles Interactive
achillesinteractive.com › blog › what-is-the-difference-between-sass-scss-and-less
What is the difference between Sass, SCSS, and Less? | Achilles Interactive
It uses a CSS-like syntax with the addition of variables, mixins, and nesting. Unlike Sass and SCSS, Less requires a JavaScript runtime to compile to CSS.
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DEV Community
dev.to › flippedcoding › the-differences-between-css-less--sass-5a74
The Differences Between CSS, LESS, & SASS - DEV Community
August 26, 2019 - Hopefully that made sense of the CSS vs. LESS vs. SASS thing. They're really all doing the same thing. They just do them a little differently. Then there's SCSS which is a spin off thingy from SASS. I've used it in a non-Ruby project before but to be fair it wasn't the greatest project.
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Medium
medium.com › @rickmint › the-battle-of-the-css-preprocessors-scss-vs-less-vs-sass-a7b667be9c2f
The Battle of the CSS Preprocessors: SCSS vs. LESS vs. Sass | by Riccardo Bertolini | Medium
September 22, 2023 - When it comes to CSS preprocessors, the three names that often surface are SASS, SCSS, and LESS. Each of these preprocessors has its own unique set of features, syntax, and origins.
Find elsewhere
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MarkSheet
marksheet.io › sass-scss-less.html
Sass vs SCSS vs Less - Free tutorial to learn HTML and CSS
We’re actually going to write SCSS but still call it Sass. ... Everything about Sass is to provide tools to prevent repeating yourself in your code: it’s the DRY principle, which stands for Don’t repeat yourself. ... Head towards https://sass-lang.com/install to install Sass on your computer. and any CSS preprocessor for that matter, but I’ll refer to Sass only from now on.
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Hashnode
sivalaxman8.hashnode.dev › styles-in-web-development-scss-vs-sass-vs-less-vs-css-vs-css-modules-vs-styled-components
SCSS vs. SASS vs. LESS vs. CSS vs. CSS Modules vs. Styled ...
September 7, 2023 - SCSS and SASS files need to be compiled into regular CSS before a browser can understand them. LESS is another CSS preprocessor that simplifies your stylesheets and streamlines your workflow.
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Cynoteck
cynoteck.com › blog-post › sass-vs-less-what-to-choose
SASS vs LESS: What to Choose?
November 19, 2025 - LESS is written in JavaScript and aggregates information extremely quickly, and compiles data at a faster rate. It likewise helps in keeping the code secluded and makes it readable and variable.
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CSS-Tricks
css-tricks.com › sass-vs-less
Sass vs. Less | CSS-Tricks
January 10, 2020 - You should really try out sass then – you would really see some great benefits it really improves the way you work and the syntax just makes “more sense” than less – less seems to have fallen behind on all the different parameters tough this comment is 2 years old i think its worth changing to sass! or i would pref. scss – cause sass gives a lot syntax errors if you’r not really strict when you write
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EDUCBA
educba.com › home › software development › software development tutorials › top differences tutorial › sass vs less
SASS vs LESS | Top 6 Most Useful Differences To Learn
March 6, 2023 - SASS stands for Syntactically Awesome Stylesheets (SASS), and LESS stands for Leaner CSS (LESS). SASS is based on Ruby, while LESS uses JavaScript. Also, LESS gives users a chance to activate mixins when certain situations occur.
Address   Unit no. 202, Jay Antariksh Bldg, Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri (East),, 400059, Mumbai
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › css › what-are-the-differences-between-less-and-sass
What are the differences between LESS and SASS? - GeeksforGeeks
January 13, 2025 - LESS and SASS are popular CSS pre-processors that enhance CSS with advanced features like variables, nesting, and mixins. LESS: Simpler syntax, JavaScript-based, and integrated into projects quickly. SASS: Offers advanced features, is more robust, ...
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Medium
medium.com › @lelianto.eko › css-preprocessors-sass-vs-less-393cd6621467
CSS Preprocessors: Sass vs Less. CSS Preprocessors are scripting… | by Lelianto Eko Pradana | Medium
February 5, 2023 - Syntax: One of the key differences between Sass and Less is their syntax. Sass uses the SCSS (Sassy CSS) syntax, which is similar to CSS but with additional features such as variables and nested rules.
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Udemy
blog.udemy.com › home › less vs. sass – which css preprocessor is best for you?
Less vs. Sass - Which CSS Preprocessor is Best For You? - Udemy Blog
December 4, 2019 - There’s a way to do inheritance in pure CSS, by listing selectors, separated by commas, and then defining their shared properties within curly braces. This method is fine until you need to start defining individual elements, which can result in cluttered stylesheets that run much longer than necessary. Inheritance allows selectors to inherit the properties of other selectors. While Sass supports this, Less does not.
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Zion & Zion
zionandzion.com › less-vs-sass
Less vs. Sass: Which CSS Preprocessor is Right for You? | Zion & Zion
October 7, 2021 - The first step in using a preprocessor is the installation process. While neither language requires the user to go through a painful process, there are some differences. Sass runs on Ruby while Less runs in Node.
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Medium
medium.com › @jjcx › css-vs-scss-vs-less-understanding-the-differences-and-advantages-of-css-preprocessors-305bca376eb0
CSS vs. SCSS vs. LESS: Understanding the Differences and Advantages of CSS Preprocessors | by jjcx | Medium
March 16, 2023 - In SCSS, variables are declared with a $ symbol, while LESS uses the @ symbol. CSS doesn't support variables natively, but CSS custom properties (often called CSS variables) can be used for a similar effect: