According to the ODO "spend" as a noun is an informal alternative to "spending":

Spend (informal):

  • An amount of money paid out:

    • the average spend at the cafe is £10 a head.

    • the average spend per child is continuing to rise year-on-year.

According to the Collins Dicionary:

  • an amount of money spent, esp regularly, or allocated to be spent

NGRAM shows that spend as a noun has been used since the first decades of the 20th century. Spending appears to be a more common alternative especially from the '70s.

This usage, called nominalization is a matter of debate among linguists as evidenced in the following extract The Dark Side of Verbs-as-Nouns by Hernry Hitchings:

  • I Find that some nominalizations are useful and others are jarring. I can accept that language changes (and has to change) without necessarily cherishing all manifestations of that change. I don’t shudder when I see or hear “This year’s spend is excessive” and “Her book was a good read,” even though I can think of other, perhaps more elegant ways of saying these things.
Answer from user66974 on Stack Exchange
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Examples
examples.com › english › spend vs spent meanings, difference, examples, when to use
Spend vs Spent - Meanings, Difference, Examples, When to use
April 28, 2024 - Spent: “Spent” is the past tense and past participle form of “spend.” It signifies that the action of spending has already occurred, whether it be money, time, energy, or resources.
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Stack Exchange
ell.stackexchange.com › questions › 301030 › spent-vs-spending
grammar - Spent vs Spending - English Language Learners Stack Exchange
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular school in 1981, 1991 and 2001. ... The first sentence is bad grammar. "Annual" is an adjective that should modify a following noun, but "spent" is a past verb form.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/grammar › spend vs spending
r/grammar on Reddit: Spend vs Spending
January 17, 2025 -

Is there a right and wrong way to use spend vs spending?

For more context, I work at a fintech and we have a product called 'spend controls' – however individual features within spend controls are called 'spending limits', 'spending periods', 'spending categories'.

I think if you were to flip each name around they would still make sense, but I can't find or understand whether there is a 'better' name for each.

Spend – verb and noun. In finance, spend is often used as a noun.

Spending – noun. Feels more natural and action-oriented when choosing the limits/period for each feature.

Any advice or information is much appreciated. I can't wrap my head around the best option (if there even is one!) Thank you.

Top answer
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5

According to the ODO "spend" as a noun is an informal alternative to "spending":

Spend (informal):

  • An amount of money paid out:

    • the average spend at the cafe is £10 a head.

    • the average spend per child is continuing to rise year-on-year.

According to the Collins Dicionary:

  • an amount of money spent, esp regularly, or allocated to be spent

NGRAM shows that spend as a noun has been used since the first decades of the 20th century. Spending appears to be a more common alternative especially from the '70s.

This usage, called nominalization is a matter of debate among linguists as evidenced in the following extract The Dark Side of Verbs-as-Nouns by Hernry Hitchings:

  • I Find that some nominalizations are useful and others are jarring. I can accept that language changes (and has to change) without necessarily cherishing all manifestations of that change. I don’t shudder when I see or hear “This year’s spend is excessive” and “Her book was a good read,” even though I can think of other, perhaps more elegant ways of saying these things.
2 of 2
5

Spend as a noun does not yet seem to enjoy general mainstream use. Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary (2003) has no entry for spend as a noun—and it appears that Merriam-Webster Online has yet to add an entry for it there. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language didn't offer any information on spend as a noun either, as recently as the fourth edition (2000). But the fifth edition (2011) of AHDEL provides this coverage:

spend ... n. 1. an amount of money spent on something: doubled the spend on computers. 2. The spending of money; expenditure: the management of spend.

From the examples given, it seems clear that both spend (1) and spend (2) could be replaced by spending without changing the underlying meaning in either case. But if spend isn't different in meaning from spending in either of the two senses that AHDEL identifies it as having, why does it exist at all? When a word catches on in some precinct of the business or academic world despite not enabling people to make a fine distinction between one thing (called, say, spend) and another (called, say, spending), the logical explanation is that the new term appeals to them for some reason other than its contribution to greater coherence—its value as a marker of up-to-date jargon fluency, perhaps, or its perceived jauntiness.

In any event, spend as a noun in the two senses spelled out by AHDEL has not yet gained the same level of acceptance as spending, as is evident from this entry in the in-house word list at a business consultancy where I do a lot of freelance editing:

spending: consumer spending, marketing spending (not “spend”)

I have no doubt that spend as a noun is well entrenched in some areas of the English-speaking world, but it would be a mistake to suppose that it has achieved parity with spending everywhere. A comparable though even less widely recognized term that has emerged from the land of MBAs is ask as a noun, which carries the meaning "question, request, or inquiry." (AHDEL doesn't have an entry for ask as a noun yet.)

Part of word choice is a simple matter of knowing what words are possible—that is, what words are in use (or at least usable), and therefore understandable, in certain English-speaking populations. But another part of word choice involves having a sense of the tenor, reputation, or prestige that a word may have among readers or listeners. It is surely worth noting that spend as a noun has far less currency than spending in the English-speaking world at large.


Update (April 29, 2022)

In a comment below this answer, site participant DjinTonic points out that an entry for spend as a noun appears in a 1991 edition of Collins English Dictionary—much earlier than I would have expected. This led me to check some late-twentieth-century dictionaries that I have on hand to see whether spend as a noun may have originated in the UK and only later migrated to the United States.

Neither The Concise Oxford Dictionary, sixth edition (1976) nor Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, new edition (1987)—two British dictionaries—has an entry for spend as a noun. Similarly, Merriam-Webster's Eleventh Collegiate Dictionary (2003) and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth edition (2000)—two U.S. dictionaries—do not acknowledge spend as a noun. But a couple of U.S. dictionaries from roughly the same period do mention it.

Here is the relevant entry from The New Oxford American Dictionary (2001):

spend ... n. informal an amount of money paid for a particular purpose or over a particular period of time: the average spend at the cafe is about $10 a head.

And here is the one from [Merriam-]Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1986):

spend n the act or process of spending money — used in the phrase on the spend

The Oxford Universal Dictionary on Historical Principles, third edition, revised (1955) has a similar entry:

Spend, sb. 1688 {f[rom] SPEND v.} The action of spending money. Only in phr[ase] on or upon the spend.

The 1688 instance that the OED cites is probably from John Bunyan, The Advocateship of Jesus Christ Clearly Explained, and Largely Improved, for the Benefit of All Believers (1688):

Now, set the Case again, that some ill conditioned Man should take Notice, that these poor Men live all upon the spend, (and Saints do so) and should come to the good Man's House, and complain to him of the spending of his Sons, and that while their elder Brother stands by: What do you think the elder Brother would reply, if he was as good-natured as Christ? Why he would say, I have yet with my Father in store for my Brethren: Wherefore then seekest thou to stop his hand?

In fact, published instances of the phrase "upon the spend" (or more precisely, "live upon the spend") go back more than 350 years. From Thomas Doolittle, A Spiritual Antidote against Sinful Contagion (1667):

We too often lose some degrees of our Grace, of love, and Faith, and Hope, and too seldom complain thereof to God. But though we do not so often decay in temporals, we too much complain to man, and murmur and repine against God. Do not many finde some inward frettings in their hearts, that they live upon the spend, and nothing coming in; so many to maintain, and their shops shut up! What trouble is it unto some that the other day did live in good repute, and were esteemed to be rich, that now must be constrained to borrow or to beg; that the other day they hoped should be rich, but now are effectually convinced they are poor; that if they escape the stroke of Death, see themselves falling into the depths of poverty and want!

And from Mrs. Christian Davies, The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, Commonly Call'd Mother Ross (1743):

Our Regiment was quartered in Ghent, where I was delivered of a Child before my Time, which lived about Half a Year. Rather than live upon the Spend, an idle Life, I hired my self to Mr. Dupper, who, since, kept Tavern on Fish Street Hill, and was then head Sutler to be under the Cook.

Although the idiomatic phrase "on the spend" is uncommon after the eighteenth century, it appears at least as late as Thomas Cooke, The Universal Letter Writer: Or, New Art of Polite Correspondence (1841):

Those men whom business does not call out to get money , are generally on the spend ; and he that is driven from home by a wife's ill-humour, is always more extravagant abroad, and even thinks he has a better pretence to be so, while he sacrifices his body and soul, as well as his estate, to his revenge.

I doubt that the old idiom "on the spend" had any significant influence on the emergence of spend as a noun in modern business jargon, but it does provide spend as a noun with an impressively long pedigree in English usage.

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Grammarphobia
grammarphobia.com › home › etymology › spending spree
The Grammarphobia Blog: Spending spree
April 8, 2012 - A: The word “spend” is a legitimate noun meaning the spending of money or the amount of money spent, and it’s been used this way since the late 1600s.
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Difference Wiki
difference.wiki › spend-vs-spent
Spend vs. Spent: What’s the Difference?
Spent all their resources on futile projects. Consumed, used up, exhausted, depleted. ... No, "spend" is a verb. The noun form related to it is "spending."
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VEDANTU
vedantu.com › english › spend vs spent: what’s the difference in english grammar?
Spend vs Spent: Simple Grammar Rules, Differences & Examples
They will spend next summer in Goa. "Spent" is the past tense and past participle form of "spend." Use "spent" when talking about finished actions.
Find elsewhere
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Oxford English Dictionary
oed.com › dictionary › spend_v1
spend, v.¹ meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary
One who spends; spec. one who spends lavishly or… ... That which can be spent for current needs.
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Merriam-Webster
merriam-webster.com › dictionary › spend
SPEND Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
the hurricane gradually spent itself · b · : to consume wastefully : squander · … the waters are not ours to spend.—J. R. Ellis · 3 · : to cause or permit to elapse : pass · spend the night · 4 · : give up, sacrifice · intransitive verb · 1 · : to expend or waste wealth or strength · 2 · : to become expended or consumed · 3 · : to have an orgasm · spendable · ˈspen-də-bəl adjective · spender noun ·
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Collins Dictionary
collinsdictionary.com › dictionary › english › spend
SPEND definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
The survey may cost at least £100 but is money well spent. [VERB-ed] Synonyms: pay out, fork out [slang], expend, lay out More Synonyms of spend ... Government spending is expected to fall. ... If you spend time or energy doing something, you use your time or effort doing it. Engineers spend much time and energy developing brilliant solutions. [VERB noun verb-ing]
Published   March 26, 2018
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BYJUS
byjus.com › english › difference-between-spend-and-spent
Table Summarising the Difference between Spend and Spent
November 8, 2022 - Spend – Children should not spend a lot of time in front of television or mobile phones. (verb – present form) Spent – i) Clive spent all his money on gambling.
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The Content Authority
thecontentauthority.com › home › grammar › word usage › spend vs spent: decoding common word mix-ups
Spend vs Spent: Decoding Common Word Mix-Ups
June 7, 2023 - “Spend” means to use money or time on something, while “spent” means that money or time has already been used up. For example, “I’m going to spend the afternoon at the park” means that I’m planning to use my time at the park.
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Wiktionary
en.wiktionary.org › wiki › spend
spend - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English spenden, from Old English spendan (attested especially in compounds āspendan (“to spend”), forspendan (“to use up, consume”)), from Proto-West Germanic *spendōn (“to spend”), borrowed from Latin expendere (“to weigh out”). Doublet of expend. Cognate with Old High German spentōn (“to consume, use, spend”) (whence German spenden (“to donate, provide”)), Middle Dutch spenden (“to spend, dedicate”), Old Icelandic spenna (“to spend”).
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Dictionary.com
dictionary.com › browse › spend
SPEND Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Spend is the general word: We spend more for living expenses now. Disburse implies expending from a specific source or sum to meet specific obligations, or paying in definite allotments: The treasurer has authority to disburse funds.
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WordWeb
wordwebonline.com › en › SPEND
spend, spends, spent, spending- WordWeb dictionary definition
Verb: spend (spent) spend · Use up a period of time in a specific way "how are you spending your summer vacation?"; - pass · Pay out "spend money"; - expend, drop · Spend completely "I spend my pocket money in two days"Noun: spend spend · Money paid out; an amount spent "Their monthly spend ...
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/englishlearning › total spent or total spend?
Total spent or total spend? : r/EnglishLearning
November 18, 2021 - Total spend is just standing in for the total amount spent by X. So both are grammatical. If you want to reference their spending as subject or object, use total spend ...
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Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com › definition › english › spend_2
spend noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com
noun · /spend/ /spend/[singular] (informal) jump to other results · the amount of money spent for a particular purpose or over a particular length of time · The average spend at the cafe is £10 a head. Word OriginOld English spendan, from Latin expendere ‘pay out’; partly also a shortening ...
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Testbook
testbook.com › home › key differences › difference between spend and spent - testbook.com
Difference between Spend and Spent - Testbook.com
Firstly, 'spend' is a verb that signifies the act of using money or time, as in 'You should spend more time practising'. Here, 'spend' is used to indicate the allocation of time for a particular activity.