There are 2 similar key functions which perform similar operations, the basic purpose of which is to take an array and build another array from it:

func map(transform:(R)->T) -> [T] --- Map takes an array of elements of one type and converts it to an array of elements of (potentially) another type, by calling a transform function on each element in turn. So you can convert an array of Int's to an array of strings:

[1, 2, 3, 4].map { "\($0)" } // --> ["1", "2", "3", "4"]

func filter(predicate:(T)->Boolean) -> [T] -- Filter takes an array of elements and converts it to an array of elements of the same type, but only includes those elements for which predicate returns true. So you can filter an array of ints to leave only the even numbers:

[1, 2, 3, 4].filter { $0 % 2 == 0 } // --> [ 2, 4]

There are other variants, such as flatMap which takes [[T]] and turns it into [T] by iterating over the input and array and appending the contents of each array to an output array:

[ [1, 2], [3, 4]].flatMap() // --> [1, 2, 3, 4]

It's also worth nothing that the concept behind map is that, in simplistic terms, it can be used to map any input type to an output type, so you can define:

func <R, T> map(in:R?, transform:(R)->T) -> T?

for example, which would translate any optional input type into an optional output type given a function that translates the base type.