The federal government has a principal residence exemption. This means that if you sell your house, you do not have to pay tax from any gain you get from the sale of your house. This only applies if the property was your principal residence for all the years you owned it. In Ontario, there is the Land Transfer Tax, but this is not related to your yearly return.

To calculate your gross yearly salary (your total earnings over the course of a year) and subtract your taxes owed which depends on the tax bracket that you fall into.

Taxes are deducted from your pay every time. Your employer will calculate how much income tax they will deduct by checking your claim amount on the TD1 form you submitted.