The other answers are right, but when you're dealing with interfaces you cannot use typeof or instanceof because interfaces don't get compiled to javascript.

Instead you can use a typecast + function check typeguard to check your variable:

interface Car {
    drive(): void;
    honkTheHorn(): void;
}

interface Bike {
    drive(): void;
    ringTheBell(): void;
}

function start(vehicle: Bike | Car ) {
    vehicle.drive();

    // typecast and check if the function exists
    if ((<Bike>vehicle).ringTheBell) {
        const bike = (<Bike>vehicle);
        bike.ringTheBell();
    } else {
        const car = (<Car>vehicle);
        car.honkTheHorn();
    }
}

And this is the compiled JavaScript in ES2017:

function start(vehicle) {
    vehicle.drive();
    if (vehicle.ringTheBell) {
        const bike = vehicle;
        bike.ringTheBell();
    }
    else {
        const car = vehicle;
        car.honkTheHorn();
    }
}

Is this what you're looking for?

type PropType<TObj, TProp extends keyof TObj> = TObj[TProp];

and get type of an object property by doing:

type MyPropType = PropType<ObjType, '<key>'>;

which is the same as the way of using Pick in typescript, and it can report compile error if there's any invalid key passed in.

Updates

As @astoilkov suggested, a simpler alternative is PropType['key'].