NoSuchElementException

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException popularly known as NoSuchElementException extends org.openqa.selenium.NotFoundException which is a type of WebDriverException.

NoSuchElementException can be thrown in 2 cases as follows :

• When using WebDriver.findElement(By by) :

  //example : WebElement my_element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//my_xpath"));
  

• When using WebElement.findElement(By by) :

  //example : WebElement my_element = element.findElement(By.xpath("//my_xpath"));
  

As per the JavaDocs just like any other WebDriverException, NoSuchElementException should contain the following Constant Fields :

Constant Field      Type                                        Value
SESSION_ID          public static final java.lang.String        "Session ID"
e.g. (Session info: chrome=63.0.3239.108)

DRIVER_INFO         public static final java.lang.String        "Driver info"
e.g. (Driver info: chromedriver=2.34.522940 (1a76f96f66e3ca7b8e57d503b4dd3bccfba87af1),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86)

BASE_SUPPORT_URL    protected static final java.lang.String     "http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/"
e.g. (For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html)

Reason

The reason for NoSuchElementException can be either of the following :

• The Locator Strategy you have adopted doesn't identifies any element in the HTML DOM.
• The Locator Strategy you have adopted is unable to identify the element as it is not within the browser's Viewport.
• The Locator Strategy you have adopted identifies the element but is invisible due to presence of the attribute style="display: none;".
• The Locator Strategy you have adopted doesn't uniquely identifies the desired element in the HTML DOM and currently finds some other hidden / invisible element.
• The WebElement you are trying to locate is within an <iframe> tag.
• The WebDriver instance is looking out for the WebElement even before the element is present/visibile within the HTML DOM.

Solution

The solution to address NoSuchElementException can be either of the following :

• Adopt a Locator Strategy which uniquely identifies the desired WebElement. You can take help of the Developer Tools (Ctrl+Shift+I or F12) and use Element Inspector.

  Here you will find a detailed discussion on how to inspect element in selenium3.6 as firebug is not an option any more for FF 56?

• Use executeScript() method to scroll the element in to view as follows :

  WebElement elem = driver.findElement(By.xpath("element_xpath"));
  ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", elem);
  

  Here you will find a detailed discussion on Scrolling to top of the page in Python using Selenium

• Incase element is having the attribute style="display: none;", remove the attribute through executeScript() method as follows :

  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("element_xpath"));
  ((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("arguments[0].removeAttribute('style')", element)
  element.sendKeys("text_to_send");
  

• To check if the element is within an <iframe> traverse up the HTML to locate the respective <iframe> tag and switchTo() the desired iframe through either of the following methods :

  driver.switchTo().frame("frame_name");
  driver.switchTo().frame("frame_id");
  driver.switchTo().frame(1); // 1 represents frame index
  

  Here you can find a detailed discussion on Is it possible to switch to an element in a frame without using driver.switchTo().frame(“frameName”) in Selenium Webdriver Java?.

• If the element is not present/visible in the HTML DOM immediately, induce WebDriverWait with ExpectedConditions set to proper method as follows :

  • To wait for presenceOfElementLocated :

    new WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@class='buttonStyle']//input[@id='originTextField']")));
    

  • To wait for visibilityOfElementLocated :

    new WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@class='buttonStyle']//input[@id='originTextField']")));
    

  • To wait for elementToBeClickable :

    new WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath("//div[@class='buttonStyle']//input[@id='originTextField']")));
    

Reference

You can find Selenium's python client based relevant discussion in:

• Selenium “selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException” when using Chrome

Looks like timing issue to me. After you redirect to checkout, you might want to wait for the elements before interacting. See Explicit Waits in documentation.

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 60);// 1 minute 
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("order_billing_name")));
driver.findElement(By.id("order_billing_name")).sendKeys(a.getName());

After you clicked loginenter button, some wait should be added to reload page. It will provide small delay which is helpful for SeleniumDriver to identify element. I would like to suggest you to add some condition to wait next element. Please try below code snippet

WebElement myDynamicElement = 
(new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("usrUTils")));

Your element is wrong by standard ways. Change as per below :

//*[@id='user_name']

In your code, change lines as per under :

1. @FindBy(how=How.XPATH,using="//*[@id='user_name']")

2. wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id='user_name']")));

Xpath can not get element attribute with double quote (") symbol. Use single quote (').

Let come to Null Pointer exception

It might come for below scenario :

driver is not initialize properly. So try to change below line with existing :

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(DriverManager.driver, 60);

Use DriverManager.driver when you need driver.

As far as on that page Index element is placed in frame, you should use

driver.switchTo().frame("top");

before

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Index")).click();

where top is name attribute of your iframe.

Selenium by default uses top body level context and doesn't see elements in other contexts like iframes or shadow-roots. So to get him to know that you want to search for element in another context, you should change context Selenium is looking into.

And don't forget to switch to defaultContext() back when you returning to body context.

The selector does not look like as an id that cssSelector. Try

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div#h4clock a.location")).getText().equals("London");

Edit:

WebElement city = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div#h4clock a.location")); 
String getcity = city.getText(); 
System.out.println(getcity);

In your comment you mentioned that the element is within a <frameset> \ <frame>. To work with any element within a frame, you need to first switch the context of the driver from the main page to that frame:

driver.switchTo().frame("foo");

In this example "foo" would be the name of the iframe. You can also do it by index if the frame has no name value.

If you need to switch back to the main page, outside of the frame you would use: driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

There is a little more detail in the documentation: http://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.jsp. Look for switchTo().frame