TL;DR:
Update as of 2022-12-28:
pip install --force-reinstall -v
For example: pip install --force-reinstall -v "MySQL_python==1.2.2"
What these options mean:
--force-reinstallis an option to reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.-vis for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e.-vv) up to 3 times (e.g.--force-reinstall -vvv).
Thanks to @Peter for highlighting this (and it seems that the context of the question has broadened given the time when the question was first asked!), the documentation for Python discusses a caveat with using -I, in that it can break your installation if it was installed with a different package manager or if if your package is/was a different version.
Original answer:
pip install -Iv(i.e.pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2)
What these options mean:
-Istands for--ignore-installedwhich will ignore the installed packages, overwriting them.-vis for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e.-vv) up to 3 times (e.g.-Ivvv).
For more information, see pip install --help
First, I see two issues with what you're trying to do. Since you already have an installed version, you should either uninstall the current existing driver or use pip install -I MySQL_python==1.2.2
However, you'll soon find out that this doesn't work. If you look at pip's installation log, or if you do a pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2 you'll find that the PyPI URL link does not work for MySQL_python v1.2.2. You can verify this here: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/1.2.2
The download link 404s and the fallback URL links are re-directing infinitely due to sourceforge.net's recent upgrade and PyPI's stale URL.
So to properly install the driver, you can follow these steps:
pip uninstall MySQL_python
pip install -Iv http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.2/MySQL-python-1.2.2.tar.gz/download
TL;DR:
Update as of 2022-12-28:
pip install --force-reinstall -v
For example: pip install --force-reinstall -v "MySQL_python==1.2.2"
What these options mean:
--force-reinstallis an option to reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.-vis for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e.-vv) up to 3 times (e.g.--force-reinstall -vvv).
Thanks to @Peter for highlighting this (and it seems that the context of the question has broadened given the time when the question was first asked!), the documentation for Python discusses a caveat with using -I, in that it can break your installation if it was installed with a different package manager or if if your package is/was a different version.
Original answer:
pip install -Iv(i.e.pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2)
What these options mean:
-Istands for--ignore-installedwhich will ignore the installed packages, overwriting them.-vis for verbose. You can combine for even more verbosity (i.e.-vv) up to 3 times (e.g.-Ivvv).
For more information, see pip install --help
First, I see two issues with what you're trying to do. Since you already have an installed version, you should either uninstall the current existing driver or use pip install -I MySQL_python==1.2.2
However, you'll soon find out that this doesn't work. If you look at pip's installation log, or if you do a pip install -Iv MySQL_python==1.2.2 you'll find that the PyPI URL link does not work for MySQL_python v1.2.2. You can verify this here: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/MySQL-python/1.2.2
The download link 404s and the fallback URL links are re-directing infinitely due to sourceforge.net's recent upgrade and PyPI's stale URL.
So to properly install the driver, you can follow these steps:
pip uninstall MySQL_python
pip install -Iv http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.2/MySQL-python-1.2.2.tar.gz/download
You can even use a version range with pip install command. Something like this:
pip install 'stevedore>=1.3.0,<1.4.0'
And if the package is already installed and you want to downgrade it add --force-reinstall like this:
pip install 'stevedore>=1.3.0,<1.4.0' --force-reinstall
linux - How do I update a Python package? - Stack Overflow
What's your process for updating python versions/packages while maintaining backwards compatibility?
How can I upgrade Python to a specific version? - Stack Overflow
Are python packages tied to a specific python version?
Videos
The best way I've found is to run this command from terminal
sudo pip install [package_name] --upgrade
sudo will ask to enter your root password to confirm the action.
Note: Some users may have pip3 installed instead. In that case, use
sudo pip3 install [package_name] --upgrade
You might want to look into a Python package manager like pip. If you don't want to use a Python package manager, you should be able to download M2Crypto and build/compile/install over the old installation.
Auditors have recently been hounding me to update my Python version from 3.7 since it's fallen out of support and apparently a few exploits exist that are significant enough to raise an eyebrow.
It was easy enough to get python 3.12 installed and I don't have any concern with the changes in regards to alterations to the syntax of basic python, however, when packages come into the picture quite a few of my commonly used packages have also received updates and undergone some form of deprecation that would require some revision.
The easy approach would be just to install the known working versions of the packages but if there are security concerns with python itself I can only imagine that there have to be some lurking in some of these packages that haven't been updated for 5+ years.
In the past I just had a single master venv that was more or less shared across all projects, which I'm aware is bad practice but with 30+ active projects that require more or less the same packages so creating individual virtual environments for all of them would have been a bit of a chore.
My first approach was to create a new master venv with only the new packages but tested it on a few small projects and (as expected) there were immediate conflicts that required some code adjustments.
Obviously I would rather avoid making changes across the whole code base if I can avoid it, so I'm kind of curious if anybody has a better approach. My first thought which seems easiest is just creating a secondary master venv for legacy code with old package versions and use the updated venv for any new code but I'm unsure if that's the "right" way to do things.
Thoughts?
In almost all cases, this is a bad idea. Changing the system Python can and quite often will break some other packages depending on the previous environment or version. Upgrading from Python 3.10 to 3.13 means quite a few things have been changed and/or removed, making such problems likely.
So, how can you use a more modern version of Python?
One way ist the way you have already gone, installing it and accessing it via python3.13.
Another way is using the deadsnakes PPA, see e.g. this answer by Hannu (but refrain from overriding your system default).
And then there are multiple ways to get access to a specific Python version within a specific project, here is a small selection:
- Pyenv is the classic solution for this. It allows you to download and install basically any Python version (even alpha and beta) and activate them dynamically or use them as the base for a virtual environment.
- UV, a upcoming Python dependency manager, can manage Python versions as well. You just have to specify the desired Python version in a
.python_versionfile in your project root directory. - Conda, another dependency manager, but not limited to Python, can also manage multiple Python versions.
A simple "clean" way to install a more recent Python3 than present in Ubuntu is the deadsnakes ppa:
Howto set the default version:
https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-12-ubuntu/
... at "Use Python 3.12 as the default Python3"
The basics for installation:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.12
https://launchpad.net/~deadsnakes/+archive/ubuntu/ppa
The ppa gets updated, so a more recent one may well be present;
also ALWAYS verify the correctness of what is stated above.
In Linux:
- Select the version that you're looking for: https://www.python.org/downloads/
- From the appropriate version's page, copy the download link. (eg.
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz) - Go to the directory you want to download the compressed package to and run
wget "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz" - In that same directory, run
tar -zxvf Python-3.8.3.tgzto extract Python cdinto the directory where Python has been extracted to- Run
./configure - Run
make - Run
make install - Run
python --versionto check that the installation was successful
Python should now be installed at the desired version.
Download the appropriate installer (or, if they don't have one for your OS, source code) from http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.6.6/. Instructions from there will depend on your operating system, but I'm guessing you can handle it. (Plus, they have install instructions.)