mathematical logical symbol

In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign, ∴, is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in … Wikipedia
Factsheet
Therefore sign
In Unicode U+2234 ∴ THEREFORE (∴, ∴, ∴)
Different from U+2235 ∵ BECAUSE
Factsheet
Therefore sign
In Unicode U+2234 ∴ THEREFORE (∴, ∴, ∴)
Different from U+2235 ∵ BECAUSE
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Therefore_sign
Therefore sign - Wikipedia
1 month ago - Use of an upright triangle exclusively to mean therefore (and an inverted triangle exclusively to mean because) appears to have originated in the 19th century.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/askmath › what is this symbol and how do you use it?
r/askmath on Reddit: What is this symbol and how do you use it?
March 3, 2022 - It means therefore. Plus i used to use an upside down version of it which means 'because'. ... Can someone explain what the exclamation mark means? Before I've only seen commas (pretty new to stats and R) ... This symbol doesn't seem to exist!!
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Quora
quora.com › What-does-3-dots-in-an-upside-down-triangle-mean
What does 3 dots in an upside down triangle mean? - Quora
Answer (1 of 7): Roksan. three dots triangle, point up means "therefore" or "thus" 6. three dots triangle, point down means "because" or "due to" These basic four cover most of the cases that you will find but of course many others exist. ...
Top answer
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17

Is there any better alternative to the three-dot notation?

The usual general advice is to use words instead of symbols.

The best notation is no notation; whenever it is possible to avoid the use of a complicated alphabetic apparatus, avoid it. A good attitude to the preparation of written mathematical exposition is to pretend that it is spoken. Pretend that you are explaining the subject to a friend on a long walk in the woods, with no paper available; fall back on symbolism only when it is really necessary.

(Paul Halmos, How to Write Mathematics, p. 40.)

This applies particularly to the three-dot notation.

Do not misuse the implication operator ⇒ or the symbol ∴. The former is employed only in symbolic sentences; the latter is not used in higher mathematics.

Bad: a is an integer ⇒ a is a rational number.
Good: If a is an integer, then a is a rational number.
Bad: ⇒ x = 3.
Bad: ∴ x = 3.
Good: hence x = 3.
Good: and therefore x = 3.

Bad Theorem. n odd ⇒ 8|n² − 1.
Bad proof.
n odd ⇒ ∃j ∈ Z, n = 2j + 1;
∴ n² − 1 = 4j(j + 1);
∀j ∈ Z, 2 | j(j + 1) ⇒ 8 | n² − 1

This is a clumsy attempt to achieve conciseness via an entirely symbolic exposition.Combining words and symbols and adding some short explanations will improve readability and style.

(Franco Vivaldi, Mathematical Writing, p. 4 and 132.)

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2

The context isn't entirely clear so I'll assume this is about teaching. Then, I support Pedro's answer but also want to add that doing both verbal and symbolic versions may be a good idea. For example:

Theorem. A polynomial has a higher order than another if and only if its degree is higher.

In other words, for any two polynomials and , we have:

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Physics Forums
physicsforums.com › mathematics › general math
How is the therefore -sign orientated? • Physics Forums
March 15, 2009 - The orientation of the "therefore" sign is confirmed to be a right-side-up pyramid, indicating "therefore," while the upside-down pyramid signifies "because." This distinction is supported by sources such as Wikipedia and is commonly accepted ...
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Wumbo
wumbo.net › symbols › therefore
Therefore Symbol (∴)
In mathematics, the “therefore” symbol (∴) is used to indicate that a conclusion or consequence logically follows from the preceding statements or premises.
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Morganic Books
morganicbooks.com › home › “that love is all there is, is all we know of love”: gabrielle zevin’s ‘tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow’
“That Love is all there is, Is all we know of Love”: Gabrielle Zevin’s ‘Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow’ - Morganic Books
August 28, 2022 - There’s a symbol that first appears on a hidden road sign as a mysterious clue to discovering LA’s legendary network of secret shortcut highways — a triangle of three dots Sam initially mistakes for the mathematical proof mark meaning ...
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Answers
math.answers.com › math-and-arithmetic › What_does_an_upside_down_v_symbol_stand_for_on_calculator
What does an upside down v symbol stand for on calculator? - Answers
An upside-down "V" symbol on a calculator typically represents the logical operation known as "AND" in Boolean algebra. It indicates that both conditions or inputs must be true for the overall expression to be true.
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Langa.com
langa.com › home › windows › “why is the symbol for ‘therefore’ (three dots in a triangle) rarely used in normal writing? why does it not appear on a regular keyboard?”
“Why is the symbol for ‘therefore’ (three dots in a triangle) rarely used in normal writing? Why does it not appear on a regular keyboard?” - Langa.com
January 31, 2020 - (Answer requested by Roger Wilkey) The " ஃ " glyph is used in mathematics and logic to symbolize “thus” or “therefore” in the same way that the " = " glyph is used to symbolize "equality" or “equals." But you'd never use " = " in a normal written sentence to replace the word "equality,"
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HotSymbol
hotsymbol.com › symbol › therefore
∴ Therefore copy and paste - HotSymbol
★Star Symbols©Copyright, Trademark & Office Symbols£Currency Symbols⟦⟧Stylish Bracket Symbols♛Chess Symbols♧Card Symbols♬Music Symbols℃Weather & Unit Symbols➹Arrows Symbols✝Religious & community Symbols❤Heart Symbols✔Checkmark and Tick SymbolsπMath Symbols⑨Number Symbols⁍Bullet Symbols❐Square & Rectangle Symbols▲Triangle Symbols◉Circle SymbolsβGreek Letter Symbols⌘Technical Symbols🝤Alchemical Symbols𝓗Letter Symbols🀀Mahjong Tile Symbols❀Flower Symbols♨Miscellaneous SymbolsℛLetterlike Symbols◐Geometric Shapes Symbols⁋Punctuation Symbols♈Zodiac Symbols ... Copy and paste shortcodes for ∴ Therefore. To type the ∴ using the keyboard you can the Alt code from the shortcode section. Here are the two simple steps to type the ∴ using Alt code from your keyboard. Make sure you ... Hold down the left Alt Key from your keyboard.
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LaTeX.org
latex.org › board index › math & science
wasysym | "because" Equivalent to '\wasytherefore' - LaTeX.org
Together with the symbols of »amssymb« you can get what you want. ... \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{amssymb} \setlength{\parindent}{0in} \begin{document} \raisebox{0.75pt}{$\because$} Hello world How are you? \raisebox{0.75pt}{$\therefore$} Hello world How are you?
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Mathematics Monster
mathematics-monster.com › symbols › Therefore.html
The "Therefore (∴)" Symbol
Therefore is used to mark a logical conclusion. Codes: Alt 8756, HTML ∴, hex U+2234.
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Quora
quora.com › Why-is-the-symbol-for-therefore-an-upright-triangle-of-three-dots-rarely-used-in-normal-writing-Why-does-it-not-appear-on-a-regular-keyboard
Why is the symbol for 'therefore' (an upright triangle of three dots) rarely used in normal writing? Why does it not appear on a regular keyboard? - Quora
Answer (1 of 4): The three-dot triangle symbol is for mathematical notation when writing out proofs and is sometimes used in formal logic notation. It doesn’t “appear” almost anywhere because there are very few of us who communicate with ...
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Strategies for Parents
strategiesforparents.com › what-does-the-upside-down-a-mean-in-math
What Does the Upside-Down A Mean in Math? – Strategies for Parents
These letters are easy to understand, ... down, but in mathematics (specifically in predicate calculus), the ∀ is a logic symbol or universal quantifier....
Published   February 16, 2022
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Narkive
alt.usage.english.narkive.com › aQPfeEmi › is-there-a-name-for-the-therefore-symbol
Is there a name for the therefore symbol?
Post by Jennifer Murphy Is there a name for the therefore symbol other than "therefore"? Nope. And the upside down version is "because".
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Segol
Segol - Wikipedia
July 14, 2025 - Segol (modern Hebrew: סֶגּוֹל, IPA: [seˈɡol]; formerly סְגוֹל‎, səḡôl) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign that is represented by three dots forming an upside down equilateral triangle "ֶ ". As such, it resembles an upside down ...