I'm not a heavy Python user, but I'd say these would be the top three. Java uses braces to identify blocks, while Python uses indentation: // Python if something: // do something, must be indented else: // do something else // Java if (something) { // do something } else { // do something else } Java also ends each statement with a semicolon, while Python does not. You'll notice this right away when comparing Java and Python code. 2) Java enforces variable types. In Python, this is OK: // Python i = 4 // i stores a number i = "four" // i stores a string In Java, it's not: // Java int i = 4; // i is declared to store only integers i = "four"; // will generate an error, since i must store integers 3) Python has built-in lists and maps (called dictionaries), while Java does not: // Python i = [1, 2, 4] // i is a list, and its size can change i.append(5) print(i) m = { 1: "test" } print(m) Pretty much anything with these built-in data structures works nicely right out of the box using Python. In contrast, in Java this looks like: // Java // Lists and maps require a ton of imports import java.util.List; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Map; import java.util.HashMap; // And the overall syntax for using them is ... involved List i = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 4)); i.add(5); System.out.println(i); Map m = new HashMap<>(Map.of(1, "test")); System.out.println(m); (Sorry for all the edits. Reddit support for fenced code blocks is still really terrible, which makes providing code examples very frustrating.) More on reddit.com

I mean, they're both very advantageous, and have lots of job opportunities, though in different areas. Most Python jobs revolve around data science, AI, automation. Most Java jobs are back-ends for enterprise/large companies or enterprise related software, and legacy Android apps (I say legacy only because newer apps are most likely using Kotlin while Java is being used to maintain old apps). More on reddit.com

Unlike natural languages, if you learn the principles of programming and one language, learning different languages isn’t a big deal. You will still fall for its quirks and miss some contructs from other language but you’ll figure it out without too much trouble. If you plan to be serious about programming I’d recommend Java out of these 2 as it’s very mature tech used in plenty of major companies. Python is great for data science and learning programming basics. More on reddit.com

Python is generally considered to be a relatively easy language compared to Java. More on reddit.com