They're different parts of the sound frequencies we can hear. Low frequencies are bass. In music this usually contains drums and bass. Mids are a bit higher pitched in the frequency range and contain the main body of the music. Vocals, most instruments, ect. Treble is the high frequencies. Sounds like cymbals, higher pitched vocals. Stuff like that. Then as for emphasized, neutral, recessed, it's basically talking about how noticable those parts of the frequencies are in the sound signature. Having emphasized or louder bass and treble can make music sound "bigger" and "wider" almost, but this often can also make the mid frequencies sound quieter or recessed in comparison. Neutral often means things just don't feel overly emphasized. This doesn't necessarily mean everything is at the same volume, just natural or realistic sounding. For example some neutral headphones have a bit more emphasis on the mids, while the bass and treble aren't as loud, but this can sound more realistic. There's a lot more to it, but that's kind a quick rundown

Drive: Drive (or input) usually adjusts the signal level being introduced to an amplifier. More drive will push the signal closer to the overload region of the amp, introducing more (hopefully musical) distortion artefacts.Bass: A bass amplifier or "bass amp" is a musical instrument electronic device that uses electrical power to make lower-pitched instruments such as the bass guitar or double bass loud enough to be heard by the performers and audience.Mid: well the mid is the midrange and the treble is high, as the opposite of bass.Treble: It's obvious from the labels what most controls on guitar amps do: the Treble knob adjusts treble (high) frequencies, the Bass knob adjusts bass (low) frequencies, and so on.Presence: In an amplifier, a presence control boosts the upper mid-range frequencies to make the sounds of voices and instruments with similar tonal ranges seem more "present". On the television production studio's sound desk, there can be several presence controls, for several different, switchable, frequencies.Pan: Panning audio lets you distribute sound across the stereo or surround spectrum to create balance or a special effect. For example, you can place more sound in the right channel of a stereo clip or less sound in the centre channel of a surround clip.Reverb: Reverb occurs when a sound hits any hard surface and reflects back to the listener at varying times and amplitudes to create a complex echo, which carries information about that physical space. Reverb pedals or effects simulate or exaggerate natural reverberations.