probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › P-value
p-value - Wikipedia
3 weeks ago - In null-hypothesis significance ... is correct. A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis. Even though reporting p-values of statistical tests is common practice in academic publications of many quantitative fields, misinterpretation and misuse of p-values is widespread and has been a major topic in mathematics and metascience. In 2016, the American Statistical Association (ASA) made a formal statement that "p-values ...
Simply Psychology
simplypsychology.org › statistics › understanding p-values and statistical significance
Understanding P-Values and Statistical Significance
August 11, 2025 - It indicates strong evidence of ... Specifically, a p-value of 0.001 means there is only a 0.1% chance of obtaining a result at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is correct....
Videos
What is a p-value?
Ap-value, or probability value, is a number describing how likely it is that your data would have occurred under the null hypothesis of your statistical test.
scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › understanding p values | definition and examples
Understanding P-values | Definition and Examples
Can a non-significant p-value indicate that there is no effect or difference in the data?
No, a non-significant p-value does not necessarily indicate that there is no effect or difference in the data. It means that the observed data do not provide strong enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
There could still be a real effect or difference, but it might be smaller or more variable than the study was able to detect.
Other factors like sample size, study design, and measurement precision can influence the p-value. It's important to consider the entire body of evidence and not rely solely on p-values when interpreting research findings.
There could still be a real effect or difference, but it might be smaller or more variable than the study was able to detect.
Other factors like sample size, study design, and measurement precision can influence the p-value. It's important to consider the entire body of evidence and not rely solely on p-values when interpreting research findings.
simplypsychology.org
simplypsychology.org › statistics › understanding p-values and statistical significance
Understanding P-Values and Statistical Significance
How do you calculate a p-value?
P-values are usually automatically calculated by the program you use to perform your statistical test. They can also be estimated using p-value tables for the relevant test statistic. · P-values are calculated from the null distribution of the test statistic. They tell you how often a test statistic is expected to occur under the null hypothesis of the statistical test, based on where it falls in the null distribution. · If the test statistic is far from the mean of the null distribution, then the p-value will be small, showing that the test statistic is not likely to have occurred under the n
scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › understanding p values | definition and examples
Understanding P-values | Definition and Examples
Investopedia
investopedia.com › terms › p › p-value.asp
P-Value: What It Is, How to Calculate It, and Examples
October 3, 2025 - For example, the U.S. Census Bureau stipulates that any analysis with a p-value greater than 0.10 must be accompanied by a statement that the difference is not statistically different from zero.
Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › understanding p values | definition and examples
Understanding P-values | Definition and Examples
June 22, 2023 - This is because the smaller your frame of reference, the greater the chance that you stumble across a statistically significant pattern completely by accident. P values are also often interpreted as supporting or refuting the alternative hypothesis. This is not the case. The p value can only tell you whether or not the null hypothesis is supported. It cannot tell you whether your alternative hypothesis is true, or why. If you want to know more about statistics, methodology, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC4111019
P – VALUE, A TRUE TEST OF STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE? A CAUTIONARY NOTE - PMC
Both the Fisherian and Neyman-Pearson (N-P) schools did not uphold the practice of stating, “P values of less than 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant” or “P-value was 0.02 and therefore there was statistically significant difference.” These statements and many similar ...
Statistics By Jim
statisticsbyjim.com › home › blog › interpreting p values
Interpreting P values - Statistics By Jim
June 17, 2025 - However, we cannot say that about an individual test and it’s P-value. ... Hi, that is sort of correct. More correct would be to say that if you repeat an experiment on a population where the null is true, you’d expect 5% (using alpha = 0.05) of the studies to be statistically significant (false positives).
Brainly
brainly.com › mathematics › high school › which statement is correct about a p-value?
a. the smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.
b. whether a small p-value provides evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis depends on whether the test is one-sided or two-sided.
c. the smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
d. whether a small p-value provides evidence in favor of the null hypothesis depends on whether the test is one-sided or two-sided.
[FREE] Which statement is correct about a p-value? A. The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence in favor - brainly.com
The correct statement about p-values is: 'The smaller the p-value, the stronger the evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis.' A smaller p-value suggests that the observed data is unlikely under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.
NCBI
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK557421
Hypothesis Testing, P Values, Confidence Intervals, and Significance - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
March 13, 2023 - Conventionally, data yielding a p<0.05 or p<0.01 is considered statistically significant. While some have debated that the 0.05 level should be lowered, it is still universally practiced.[6] Hypothesis testing allows us to determine the size of the effect. Two examples of findings reported ...
Studocu
studocu.com › university of connecticut › introduction to statistics i › question
[Solved] Which statement is correct about a pvalue The smaller the pvalue - Introduction to Statistics I (STAT 1000Q) - Studocu
October 21, 2024 - Which statement is correct about a p-value? The smaller the p-value the stronger the evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
StatsDirect
statsdirect.com › help › basics › p_values.htm
P Values (Calculated Probability) and Hypothesis Testing - StatsDirect
When presenting P values some groups find it helpful to use the asterisk rating system as well as quoting the P value: ... Most authors refer to statistically significant as P < 0.05 and statistically highly significant as P < 0.001 (less than one in a thousand chance of being wrong).
WMed
wmed.edu › sites › default › files › P-VALUES SIMPLIFIED.pdf pdf
P-VALUES SIMPLIFIED Preface
Accordingly, a large p-value lends support to the assertion of a correct null hypothesis. Hence, larger p-values result in failure to reject the null hypothesis. ***************************************************** Conversely, a small p-value means that there is a lesser chance that the data ...
Homework.Study.com
homework.study.com › explanation › which-of-the-following-are-true-statements-about-the-p-value-and-hypothesis-tests-select-all-that-apply-select-one-or-more-a-the-p-value-is-the-probability-the-null-hypothesis-is-correct-b-the-p-value-is-the-probability-the-alternative-hypothesis-is.html
Which of the following are true statements about the p-value and hypothesis tests? Select all that apply. Select one or more: A)The p-value is the probability the null hypothesis is correct. B) The p-value is the probability the alternative hypothesis is | Homework.Study.com
Which of the following are true statements about the p-value and hypothesis tests? Select all that apply. Select one or more: A)The p-value is the probability the null hypothesis is correct. B) The p-value is the probability the alternative hypothesis is correct.
Penn State Statistics
online.stat.psu.edu › statprogram › reviews › statistical-concepts › hypothesis-testing › p-value-approach
S.3.2 Hypothesis Testing (P-Value Approach) | STAT ONLINE
The P-value approach involves determining "likely" or "unlikely" by determining the probability — assuming the null hypothesis was true — of observing a more extreme test statistic in the direction of the alternative hypothesis than the one observed.
Brainly
brainly.com › mathematics › high school › 1. which of the following is true about p-values?
select one:
a. if a p-value is greater than .01, you will never reject h.
b. no sufficient information to decide.
c. a p-value must be between 0 and 1.
d. p-values have a n(0,1) distribution.
2. if \( n = 100 \), \(\bar{x} = -20\), \(\sigma x = 220\), find the standard deviation.
select one:
a. 1.504
b. 2.1818
c. 1.477
d. 2.2626
[FREE] 1. Which of the following is true about p-values? Select one: A. If a p-value is greater than .01, you - brainly.com
The true statement is a p-value must be between 0 and 1. Option C is the correct answer. P-values are the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, given that the null hypothesis is true.
Quizlet
quizlet.com › 458978912 › exam-2-flash-cards
Exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet
the alternative hypothesis includes ... correct about a p-value? Whether a small p-value provides evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis depends on whether the test is one-sided or two-sided....
Quizlet
quizlet.com › 292189861 › stats-200-final-flash-cards
STATS 200 FINAL Flashcards | Quizlet
A hypothesis test gives a p value of .050.
PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC5665734
What the P values really tell us - PMC
These methods include confidence, ... on estimation than testing. P values alone cannot confirm whether the researcher's argument is correct or not; P < 0.05 cannot ensure that the researchers’ arguments are true....
Chegg
chegg.com › math › statistics and probability › statistics and probability questions and answers › which statement is correct about a p-value? the smaller the
p-value the stronger the evidence in favor of the alternative
hypothesis. the smaller the p-value the stronger the evidence in
favor the null hypothesis. whether a small p-value provides
evidence in favor of the null hypothesis depends on whether the
test is one-sided or two-sided. whether a small
Solved Which statement is correct about a p-value? The | Chegg.com
March 16, 2019 - Answer to Which statement is correct about a p-value? The
Reddit
reddit.com › r/statistics › [discussion] explain a p-value
r/statistics on Reddit: [Discussion] Explain a p-value
January 29, 2022 -
I was talking to a friend recently about stats, and p-values came up in the conversation. He has no formal training in methods/statistics and asked me to explain a p-value to him in the most easy to understand way possible. I was stumped lol. Of course I know what p-values mean (their pros/cons, etc), but I couldn't simplify it. The textbooks don't explain them well either.
How would you explain a p-value in a very simple and intuitive way to a non-statistician? Like, so simple that my beloved mother could understand.
Top answer 1 of 5
135
"Say you run an experiment and you observe an effect. What are the odds of seeing such an extreme effect by random chance if there isn't actually anything happening?"
2 of 5
27
Dude, a lot of technical people don't even know what a p-value is. See previous discussions https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics/comments/lgyw4m/r_the_practical_alternative_to_the_p_value_is_the/ , https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics/comments/gowxg8/q_please_explain_how_to_use_pvalue_to_a_physician/ , https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics/comments/qz81xj/q_can_someone_help_explain_hypothesis_testing/ , https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics/comments/49feem/asa_and_pvalues_megathread/ , https://www.reddit.com/r/statistics/comments/76e257/is_a_pvalue_of_001_more_significant_than_a_pvalue/ , or my favorite https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2017/12/28/stupid-ass-statisticians-dont-know-goddam-confidence-interval
PubMed Central
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC5804470
P-value: What is and what is not - PMC
As it is clearly mentioned in ASA statement, any effect (large or small) can produce a small or large p-value depending on the sample size or measurement precision, so conclusion about a hypothesis should not be based on p-value only, but also other aspects such as measurement precision, sample ...