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Lumen Learning
courses.lumenlearning.com › introstats1 › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Introduction to Statistics
H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt. Ha: The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population that is contradictory to ...
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Pressbooks
pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu › introductorystatistics › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Null and Alternative Hypotheses – Introductory Statistics
July 19, 2013 - a statement about the value of a population parameter, in case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation H0) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation Ha).
People also ask

What’s the difference between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis?
A research hypothesis is your proposed answer to your research question. The research hypothesis usually includes an explanation (“x affects y because …”). · A statistical hypothesis, on the other hand, is a mathematical statement about a population parameter. Statistical hypotheses always come in pairs: the null and alternative hypotheses. In a well-designed study, the statistical hypotheses correspond logically to the research hypothesis.
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scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
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scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
What symbols are used to represent alternative hypotheses?
The alternative hypothesis is often abbreviated as Ha or 1. When the alternative hypothesis is written using mathematical symbols, it always includes an inequality symbol (usually ≠, but sometimes < or >).
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scribbr.com
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
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Texas Gateway
texasgateway.org › resource › 91-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Texas Gateway
H0 always has a symbol with an equal in it. Ha never has a symbol with an equal in it. The choice of symbol depends on the wording of the hypothesis test. However, be aware that many researchers use = in the null hypothesis, even with > or < as the symbol in the alternative hypothesis.

alternative assumption to the null hypothesis

In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis is one of the proposed propositions in the hypothesis test. In general the goal of hypothesis test is to demonstrate that in the given condition, … Wikipedia
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Alternative_hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis - Wikipedia
October 6, 2025 - However, the research hypothesis is sometimes consistent with the null hypothesis. In statistics, alternative hypothesis is often denoted as Ha or H1.
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Statistics LibreTexts
stats.libretexts.org › campus bookshelves › las positas college › math 40: statistics and probability › 8: hypothesis testing with one sample › 8.1: steps in hypothesis testing
8.1.1: Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics LibreTexts
August 8, 2020 - After you have determined which hypothesis the sample supports, you make a decision. There are two options for a decision. They are "reject \(H_0\)" if the sample information favors the alternative hypothesis or "do not reject \(H_0\)" or "decline to reject \(H_0\)" if the sample information is insufficient to reject the null hypothesis.
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Statlect
statlect.com › glossary › alternative-hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis | Explanation and examples
A correct specification of the alternative hypothesis is essential to decide between one-tailed and two-tailed tests. Table of contents · Notation · Mathematical setting · Definition · Example · Choice between one-tailed and two-tailed tests · The critical region ·
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Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null & Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions, Templates & Examples
January 24, 2025 - The null and alternative hypotheses are two competing claims that researchers weigh evidence for and against using a statistical test: Null hypothesis (H0): There’s no effect in the population.
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Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › what symbols are used to represent alternative hypotheses?
What symbols are used to represent alternative hypotheses?
May 6, 2022 - The alternative hypothesis is often abbreviated as HA or H1, and always includes an inequality symbol (usually ≠, but sometimes ).
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/askstatistics › is this hypothesis notation correct?
r/AskStatistics on Reddit: Is this hypothesis notation correct?
November 11, 2022 -

I've encountered an odd hypothesis notation in one of the online courses. This is my first time seeing an alternative hypothesis containing an equality sign. Is it correct, or should I report a bug?

Top answer
1 of 2
2

That's a bug, in their 'solution' the null and alternative can be true at the same time, which is a contradiction.

Here's a nice overview for your reference as well:

https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat504/lesson/hypothesis-testing

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  1. Yes, that's a mistake; an equality should not be present in that alternative; it should be strictly an inequality for this. You need null and alternative to specify mutually exclusive sets.

  2. There's no requirement in statistics that null hypotheses be point nulls -- composite nulls are certainly a thing; any number of standard books on statistical inference are unambiguous about this (for example, see Casella and Berger, which is pretty much a standard text with a long history of use in real statistics classes).

    You compute type I error rates for the worst case under the null, which is at the boundary (i.e. at the equality) but the phrasing of the hypothesis in words pretty clearly appears to imply a composite null.

    That said, null and alternative also don't have to exhaust the real line (again, see Casella and Berger).

For example, two point hypotheses (null and alternative) are entirely possible and meaningful (see the Neyman-Pearson lemma, a pretty fundamental result in the theory of hypothesis testing). Such situations come up in physics sometimes: for example, just a few days ago I saw an astronomer talking about two hypotheses, one with a parameter at 0 (the current, conventional theory) and another with the parameter at 1 (given suitable choices of units). Non-exhaustive hypotheses are completely okay in the right circumstances.

There's just no suggestion in the question that the null and alternative don't exhaust the possible values for mu, so presumably they should in this case.

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Study.com
study.com › courses › psychology courses › psychology 105: research methods in psychology
Alternative Hypothesis in Statistics | Definition & Examples - Lesson | Study.com
January 13, 2016 - The alternative hypothesis is denoted HA, or Ha, or H1. It will also contain a strict inequality. To write it, begin with the name, and a colon. Then, on the left, input the symbol representing the population parameter of interest.
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6 Sigma
6sigma.us › articles › understanding and applying alternative hypothesis in six sigma
Understanding and Applying Alternative Hypothesis in Six Sigma - SixSigma.us
February 26, 2025 - In statistical documentation, the alternative hypothesis is typically denoted as H1 or Ha. This notation helps distinguish it from the null hypothesis (H0) in formal analysis and reporting.
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GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › mathematics › alternative-hypothesis-definition-types-and-examples
Alternative Hypothesis: Definition, Types and Examples - GeeksforGeeks
August 30, 2025 - Both hypotheses include statements ... to guide their research. In statistics, alternative hypothesis is often denoted as Ha or H1....
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Pressbooks
ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub › sccstatistics › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Chapter 9.2: Null and Alternative Hypotheses – College Statistics
July 1, 2022 - a statement about the value of a population parameter, in case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation H0) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation Ha).
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Lumen Learning
courses.lumenlearning.com › introstatscorequisite › chapter › summary-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
Summary: Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Introduction to Statistics Corequisite
Symbols used for the alternative hypothesis are ≠, > and <. Hypothesis: a statement about the value of a population parameter. In the case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation [latex]H_0[/latex]) and the contradictory statement is called ...