You can open with

startActivityForResult(new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS), 0);

You can return by pressing back button on device.

Use below code to check. If it is disabled, dialog box will be generated

public void statusCheck() {
    final LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);

    if (!manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
        buildAlertMessageNoGps();

    }
}

private void buildAlertMessageNoGps() {
    final AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    builder.setMessage("Your GPS seems to be disabled, do you want to enable it?")
            .setCancelable(false)
            .setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(final DialogInterface dialog, final int id) {
                    startActivity(new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS));
                }
            })
            .setNegativeButton("No", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                public void onClick(final DialogInterface dialog, final int id) {
                    dialog.cancel();
                }
            });
    final AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
    alert.show();
}

You can create a: PreferenceActivity that will represent you preferences and then you can assign an onClick to your preference like this:

Preference goToLocationSettings = (Preference) findPreference("goToLocationSettings");
goToLocationSettings.setOnPreferenceClickListener(new Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener() {

        public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
            Intent viewIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
            startActivity(viewIntent);

            return true;
        }
    });

And you will need to assign a key to your preference in the xml file:

<Preference
    android:key="goToLocationSettings"
    android:title="@string/pref_title" />

Seems you can't open Location Settings directly from Android Intents with Chrome because Settings Activities didn't support BROWSABLE category (for details take a look at this question of Dickeylth and answer of Rafal Malek). But You can 100% do this via custom android application and Deep Links to custom Activity with <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/> support, like in that tutorial.

In that case your application SettingsActivity code should be like:

public class SettingsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        startActivityForResult(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS), 0);
    }

}

and AndroidManifest.xml part for SettingsActivity

<activity android:name=".SettingsActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
        <data
            android:host="open.location.settings"
            android:scheme="http"/>
    </intent-filter>

</activity>

and, finally, "deep" link for SettingsActivity in HTML file:

<a href="http://open.location.settings">Open Location Settings</a>

Seems, if you don't want to install app on user side, you can also do this in Instant Apps. Details for links to Instant App you can find here.

You can simply start an activity with this action:

startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS));

I use it inside a dialog:

public static void displayPromptForEnablingGPS(final Activity activity)
    {

        final AlertDialog.Builder builder =  new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);
        final String action = Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS;
        final String message = "Do you want open GPS setting?";

        builder.setMessage(message)
            .setPositiveButton("OK",
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface d, int id) {
                        activity.startActivity(new Intent(action));
                        d.dismiss();
                    }
            })
            .setNegativeButton("Cancel",
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface d, int id) {
                        d.cancel();
                    }
            });
        builder.create().show();
    }

The solution here is not to try to use an intent to launch the location settings in Android. The way Android works on Android API >= 30, is that you first need to request location permissions for coarse and fine location. After the user has allowed the permission, then make another location permission request, for background location. So:

Step 1:

val permissionsToRequest: Array<String> = arrayOf(
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
            )
            launcher.launch(permissionsToRequest)

Step 2 (assuming user allows coarse/fine location permission in step 1):

val permissionsToRequest: String =
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION
            launcher.launch(permissionsToRequest)

However, instead of a dialog coming up for the "Allow all the time" location permission, Android navigates user to the location settings for the Android app.