overview of the Druze-Arab religious and ethnic minority in Israel

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israeli druzes
druze in mandatory palestine
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Israeli Druze or Druze Israelis (Arabic: الدروز الإسرائيليون; Hebrew: דְּרוּזִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִים) are an ethnoreligious minority among the Arab citizens of Israel. Arabic is their primary language and Arab culture is an integral … Wikipedia
Factsheet
الدروز الإسرائيليون ‎ דְּרוּזִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִים ‎
Total population c. 143,000 (2019)
Regions with significant populations
Factsheet
الدروز الإسرائيليون ‎ דְּרוּזִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִים ‎
Total population c. 143,000 (2019)
Regions with significant populations
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Druze_in_Israel
Druze in Israel - Wikipedia
November 9, 2025 - As is the case for the Circassian ... Druzism, the Druze ethnic religion, developed out of Isma'ilism, a branch of Shia Islam, but the Druze do not consider themselves Muslims....
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Encyclopedia Britannica
britannica.com › philosophy & religion › religious movements & organizations
Druze | History, Religion, People, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Community, Arab, & Facts | Britannica
July 20, 1998 - Druze soldiers have since fought for Israel in every Arab-Israeli war. They are the only Arab group conscripted into the Israel Defense Forces, and they participate in Israel’s border security and diplomatic corps. In July 2018, when the Israeli Knesset enacted a law with constitutional weight that enshrined Israel as a Jewish state, the Druze led the backlash; they claimed the law made them second-class citizens and was a betrayal to their dedication and service to the country.
People also ask

How are Druze in Israel unique?
The Druze in Israel are unique among the Arab communities in Israel because of their loyalty to the state and participation in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Arab Muslim and Christian communities in Israel often identify with the Palestinian national movement and are exempted from participation in the IDF.
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britannica.com
britannica.com › philosophy & religion › religious movements & organizations
Druze | History, Religion, People, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Community, ...
What is the origin of the Druze faith?
The Druze faith originated in 11th-century Egypt as an offshoot of Ismaʿīlī Shiʿism during the reign of the sixth Fatimid caliph, al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh. The movement was persecuted under al-Ḥākim’s successor and in Egypt it eventually died out, but the community survived in mountainous areas of Syria and Lebanon.
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britannica.com
britannica.com › philosophy & religion › religious movements & organizations
Druze | History, Religion, People, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Community, ...
Where do most Druze live?
Most Druze live in a largely contiguous section of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, with smaller communities present in other countries. The Druze have been politically influential in both Lebanon and Syria, while in Israeli society the community has played a unique role as Arabs who are generally very loyal to the state.
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britannica.com
britannica.com › philosophy & religion › religious movements & organizations
Druze | History, Religion, People, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Community, ...
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Pew Research Center
pewresearch.org › short reads › religion › religion & politics › 5 facts about israeli druze, a unique religious and ethnic group
5 facts about Israeli Druze, a unique religious and ethnic group | Pew Research Center
July 21, 2025 - Israeli Druze make up roughly 2% of the country’s population and live mostly in the northern regions of the Galilee, Carmel and the Golan Heights. Their tradition dates back to the 11th century and incorporates elements of Islam, Hinduism and even classical Greek philosophy.
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Refworld
refworld.org › reference › countryrep › mrgi › 2018 › en › 64600
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Israel : Druze | Refworld
April 15, 2025 - Druze are ethnically Arab and Arabic speaking, but many do not consider themselves Palestinian. Their monotheistic religion incorporates many beliefs from Islam, Judaism and Christianity, and is also influenced by Greek philosophy and Hinduism.
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Jewish Virtual Library
jewishvirtuallibrary.org › history-and-overview-of-the-israeli-druze
History & Overview of the Israeli Druze
It was frequently mentioned in historical sources from the thirteenth century onward, noting its many springs, flourishing gardens, orchards, and small Jewish community, which has been present there almost continuously since the Second Temple period. In and near the village are significant sites for Druze and Jews, including a restored synagogue dating back to the Roman Period.
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Reform Judaism
reformjudaism.org › druze-community-israel
The Druze Community in Israel | Reform Judaism
April 9, 2013 - The Druze reside in 14 localities located in the Northern District (81% of the Druze population, excluding the Golan Heights) and Haifa District (19%). The Druze in Israel were officially recognized in 1957 by the government as a distinct ethnic group and an autonomous religious community, independent of Muslim religious courts. They have their own religious courts, with jurisdiction in matters of personal status and spiritual leadership. Druze are Arabic speakers and their culture is, to a large extent, Arab.
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EBSCO
ebsco.com › research-starters › ethnic-and-cultural-studies › druze
Druze | Research Starters | EBSCO Research
The Druze are a distinct religious community that originated as an offshoot of Islam during the 10th century, though they incorporate elements from various faiths, including Judaism and Christianity.
Find elsewhere
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Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Druze
Druze - Wikipedia
3 weeks ago - The only early Arab historian who mentions the Druze is the eleventh century Christian scholar Yahya of Antioch, who clearly refers to the heretical group created by ad-Darazī, rather than the followers of Hamza ibn 'Alī. As for Western sources, Benjamin of Tudela, the Jewish traveler who ...
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The Conversation
theconversation.com › solving-the-1-000-year-old-mystery-of-druze-origin-with-a-genetic-sat-nav-68550
Solving the 1,000-year-old mystery of Druze origin with a genetic sat nav
September 29, 2025 - The Druze were first recorded by the 12th century Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela who described them as fearless, mountain-dwelling warriors who favoured the Jews.
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Al Jazeera
aljazeera.com › news › explainer
Who are the Druze? A look at the community following a deadly attack | Explainer News | Al Jazeera
The community’s service to Israel notwithstanding, the Druze were among the fiercest critics of the 2018 nation-state law. Druze rallied in Tel Aviv in their tens of thousands to denounce a law that defines Israel as the “nation state” of the Jewish people, arguing that it relegated their community to the status of second-class citizens.
Published   August 1, 2024
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Hungarian Conservative
hungarianconservative.com › home › a small tribe between jews and muslims: the druze of israel
A Small Tribe Between Jews and Muslims: The Druze of Israel - Hungarian Conservative
January 10, 2024 - However, there is still widespread discrimination against them in many areas, and most of them wilfully isolate themselves from Jews in a social sense. As it was mentioned above, the Druze serve in the Israeli army: this bond between Jews and Druze is known as ‘Covenant of Blood’. While, for decades, the Druze had their own battalion, many of them rather signed up for Jewish combat formations, and in fact there have also been Druze voices calling for disbanding the separate unit entirely.
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Quora
quora.com › Are-Druze-Muslims-or-Jews
Are Druze Muslims or Jews? - Quora
The Druze are Druze. The Druze religion is RELATED to both Judaism and Islam - we think. One thing we do know, is that the Druze religion is gnostic, in the sense that - they don’t talk about it to outsiders.
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Oxford Bibliographies
oxfordbibliographies.com › display › document › obo-9780199840731 › obo-9780199840731-0182.xml
The Druze Community in Israel - Jewish Studies - Oxford Bibliographies
Druze men must serve in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and they are integrated into the Israeli political system. Yet, they suffer from a national identity crisis compared to other Israeli Arab Palestinians, while their socioeconomic situation is the same as other non-Jewish citizens.
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ONE FOR ISRAEL
oneforisrael.org › home › blog › the druze: key people in israel
The Druze: Key People in Israel - ONE FOR ISRAEL Ministry
March 9, 2025 - The unit was mainly Jewish, even with Orthodox Jews among their number, but they all came to hear about Yeshua, thanks to this one brave Druze young man. The Druze are loyal to Israel, yet speak Arabic.
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Reddit
reddit.com › r/druze › do the druze actually descend from christians and not muslims?
r/druze on Reddit: Do the Druze actually descend from Christians and not Muslims?
December 27, 2024 -

The Druze despite being considered its own ethno-religion, are often said to be an off-shoot of Ismaili Islam. But how true is that?

According to genetic studies, the Druze are nearly identical to Levantine Christians, and don’t seem to be mixed with Arabs like most Muslims. Does that mean Druze overwhelmingly descend from Levantine Christians who joined the Druze faith when it was allowed to convert, rather than Muslims joining the faith?

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You're asking two different questions here. In terms of Tawheed as a theology being an offshoot of Ismaili Islam, it's true, the Ismaili roots of Druzism are very obvious. In terms of our genetic origins and makeup, no one really knows, however genetic testing shows that as a population overall we're the same as the other Levantine populations in Syria and Lebanon AFAIK. The Tanukhids for example were an Arab tribe that migrated from southern Arabia to the Levant in the 2nd century, they were Christianized, then converted to Islam and finally their Emirs of the Chouf mountains converted to Druzism. They were the biggest Arab tribe that joined the Druze call. A big issue with this is that our history wasn't really documented until the 15th-16th century, so no firsthand sources exist about the proto-Druze and the early Druze. Oral traditions differ by agenda, people make a big deal about our fair skin complexion but it's not so different from your average northern Syrian/Lebanese, so God only knows where we really originate from, if I had to bet, I'd just say a mish mash of local Levantine populations.
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The question is a bit nuanced. Firstly it is an ethnoreligion, which has ethnic heritage as far back as the time of Jethro, Moshe's (Moses) father in law. Secondly, the Druze which again is ethnic AND religious group---is Abrahamic... It is not  Christian or Jewish or Muslim; the ethnoreligion element is similar to Judaism, but one key difference. It is a closed religion. There are no conversions in our out of the tribe (about one million worldwide). They are also not open to giving information about their traditions to outsiders. For western people to have a relatable comparison.. think similar to Amish in the sense of the separation from worldly things as much as possible. Not all are as strict, but that is the essence of things and why the religion is closed. The religion itself only became organized around 1100 current era, I want to say in Egypt under the caliphate at the time. Likely why they are so secretive about their faith as well. While it is not Christian, Jewish or Muslim, it does recognize key elements and figures from other Abrahamic religions. I will say, from what I know of them, they have a belief of reincarnation similar to Judaism, no hell or heaven .... Not in the way Christians believe. In Judaism, we call it Gilgulim Neshama "cycle of the soul". They have similar known traditions to all 3 religions, but what I do also know, is that their most central "prophet" seems to be Jesus, if that helps Christians out with an answer... The closest thing I can give anyway lol. He's seen as a Prophet to them, but a highly, HIGHLY regarded one. It's a layered question with an even more layered answer than I can even give without writing a book. I'm half Arab and I'm also half Mizrahi (Persian) Jewish and religiously Jewish. Ethnoreligions are a tricky thing to explain to people, because it's very much nuanced with many variables. When you're dealing with ethnoreligions it gets very complex,  especially when the official religion wasn't cemented until so much later than the others. It doesn't make Druze religion an "offshoot" religion either, which I feel is important to say. I've heard Muslims suggest they're an offshoot of Shia, similar to Alawite, which is not correct. Being in a certain culture, which had certain traditions with regards to treatment of other religions and a history of forced conversions, to suggest that because a culture developed under a theocracy, is a direct part of that culture is a bit reductive. There are many people who are often Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and even Greek you who discover that despite being Christian, their DNA suggests Sephardic Jewish lineage in their profile. Same with Arabs who discover Mizrahi Jewish dna. Forced conversion can cause these surprises later on down the road. I think there are CULTURAL influences, but that their religion is unique and being a closed religion does murky things, but I respect it and the Druze people. I will also say, for my Christian friends. An interesting thing I recently read was that, upon studying the samples from the alleged burial shroud along with the alleged remains of John the Baptist, they were found to have DRUZE mitochondrial DNA, which suggests that, in the time of Jesus, on his mother's side... When the conversion in Judaism was not as strict and when Druze didn't disallow conversion, that at some point, his mother's family had married a member of the Druze tribe. He was still obviously Jewish, a Rabbi, but I thought that was really interesting. What we know is that Druze can be found as far away from the Middle East as Venezuela. So, if you have Hispanic lineage... Not only do you have a 25% chance of having Sephardic Jewish DNA , but also Druze is a possibility.  Thought that was a pretty neat facto!
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Aish
aish.com › current › issues › who are the druze?: 8 facts
Who are the Druze?: 8 Facts | Aish
July 17, 2025 - Though Druze people speak Arabic, they consider themselves a distinct, unique group. During the British Mandate period, when Great Britain ruled present-day Israel (1923-1948), tensions between Jews and Arabs soared. A series of Arab pogroms against Jewish communities swept present-day Israel in 1929, resulting in the deaths of scores of Jews.
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Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
gjia.georgetown.edu › home › the druze community in israel: a model of minority integration
The Druze Community in Israel: A Model of Minority Integration - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
April 23, 2025 - Today, the Druze remain the only Arab group in Israel with compulsory military service, excluding those in the Golan Heights. This arrangement, along with their active sociopolitical engagement, provides a compelling case for examining minority integration within a predominantly Jewish state.
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AJC
ajc.org › news › who-are-the-druze-and-why-is-israel-defending-them-in-syria
Who Are the Druze, and Why Is Israel Defending Them in Syria? | AJC
July 24, 2025 - Israel’s Druze population numbers around 140,000 and is one of the country’s most engaged non-Jewish minorities. They live in northern Israel—in places like Daliyat al-Karmel and Isfiya—and in the Golan Heights.
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My Jewish Learning
myjewishlearning.com › home › evergreen › druze in israel
Druze in Israel | My Jewish Learning
April 3, 2015 - Army service and subsequent employment among Jewish Israelis also exposes Druze people to the norms of Jewish Israeli society. As a result, Israeli Druze society, though still very traditional (even relative to Arab Israeli society as a whole), is slowly changing. These changes are especially marked in the status of women.
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Quora
quora.com › What-is-the-Jewish-view-of-the-Druze-religion
What is the Jewish view of the Druze religion? - Quora
Answer (1 of 4): It's basically quite simple: The Druze, or whatever you want to call them—I mean, they call themselves "the Unified Ones" ("al-mu'wahidun")—are non-Jews from a Jewish perspective.