In order to ensure that the answer is obvious to people visiting this question in the future: the OP (wesley) answered the question himself in the comments beneath the question:

The cause of the problem is that Internet Explorer 11 makes textarea elements inherit whatever white-space property is applied to the direct parent.

The resolution is to apply white-space: pre-wrap to the textarea, as identified by Jean-François Beauchamp.

Answer from johnkavanagh on Stack Overflow
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Experts Exchange
experts-exchange.com › questions › 28949230 › word-wrap-break-word-CSS-is-not-working-on-IE11-With-Compatibility-Mode.html
Solved: word-wrap:break-word CSS is not working on IE11 With Compatibility Mode | Experts Exchange
June 1, 2016 - Hi I have label which has very long text without any space so I used property word-wrap:break-word; which broken my word in to next line when it exceeded than label width.I tested this with Safari,Chrome and IE 11 With Out compatibilty mode,It works fine there But When I run this on IE with compatibility mode then It does not work fine.
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GitHub
github.com › Phlow › feeling-responsive › issues › 71
Internet Explorer 11 - Word breaking · Issue #71 · Phlow/feeling-responsive
January 12, 2016 - While viewing Feeeling Responsive with Internet Explorer 11, I noticed some issues with word-breaking. Using the IE development tools, I changed the ms-word-break and word-break properties. Seemed to have corrected the issue. Is this wor...
Author   rchampagneca
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Webdevelopmentreference
webdevelopmentreference.com › home › ie 11 – word wrap or word break not working for long word or overflowing text
IE 11 - Word Wrap or Word Break not working
April 18, 2018 - If you are attempting to wrap very long words or hyperlinks within a narrow container, you may experience text overflowing when viewing your results in IE11. This may happen despite using the CSS declaration word-wrap: break-word; in IE 11, but looks fine in other browsers.
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Customerfx
customerfx.com › article › word-wrap-not-working-in-infor-crm-8-1-x-and-newer-on-ie-11
Word Wrap Not Working in Infor CRM 8.1.x and Newer on IE 11 | Customer FX
.textcontrol textarea, .twocoltextcontrol textarea, .threecoltextcontrol textarea { /*overflow: auto;*/ word-wrap:break-word !important; word-break:normal !important; white-space: pre-wrap !important; }
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GitHub
github.com › Workday › canvas-kit › issues › 878
word-break: 'break-word' is not supported in IE11 · Issue #878 · Workday/canvas-kit
October 8, 2020 - 🐛 Bug Report Drawer uses wordBreak: 'break-word', which is not supported by IE11. We should pair it with wordWrap: 'break-word', To Reproduce Add long text in the Drawer component, and open up an IE11 browser. Expected Behavior Long word...
Author   alanbsmith
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Stack Overflow
stackoverflow.com › questions › 48340349 › break-word-into-lines-with-word-break-doesnt-work-in-ie11
css - Break word into lines with word-break doesn't work in IE11 - Stack Overflow
Stender – Stender · 2018-01-19 ... IE11, containers with display: flex and flex-direction: column will not properly calculate their flexed childrens' sizes if the container has min-height but no explicit height property...
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Miketaylr
miketaylr.com › posts › 2014 › 01 › word-break-break-word.html
More than anyone needs to know about word-break colon break-word.
January 17, 2014 - From what I can tell, IE7 (and below?) treated word-break: break-word as a synonym to word-wrap: break-word (or at least it did the same thing). At some point WebKit needed that for compat, so they added it. Note that IE8 and above (if you can trust IE11 in that version’s document mode) doesn’t do anything with word-break: break-word.
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Can I Use
caniuse.com › word-break
CSS3 word-break | Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc
Property to prevent or allow words to be broken over multiple lines between letters. ... Partial support refers to supporting the break-all value, but not the keep-all value.
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GitHub
github.com › ant-design › ant-design › issues › 11595
the css property "word-break: break-word;" is not support under IE 11 · Issue #11595 · ant-design/ant-design
August 2, 2018 - I have searched the issues of this repository and believe that this is not a duplicate. Version 3.7.3 Environment Window7,IE 11 Reproduction link Steps to reproduce Just open the url with IE 11. What is expected? The lines are changed if...
Author   JackieLs
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Thetopsites
thetopsites.net › article › 51883300.shtml
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Solved
code.i-harness.com › en › q › 13375d3
html - ie11 - word-wrap break-word not working in ie - Solved
I got here for a different problem where word-wrap wasn't working on IE11; The {width: 100%} solution did work for me. I had a similar issue and solved it by changing the word-wrap styling to word-break styling: ... Note that IE11, in compatibility ...