Can you please try creating a Windows USB and boot from it?
Using another working PC:
Download the Windows 10 Media Creation Tool from Microsoft Windows 10 Download Page
Create a bootable USB drive (8GB or larger).
Insert it into the old Lenovo.
Power on and repeatedly tap F12 (or sometimes Fn + F12) for the boot menu.
Boot from the USB.
Select:
Repair your computer
Troubleshoot
Advanced options
Command Prompt
This often bypasses the password problem in the built-in recovery environment.
Make sure you are using the correct Microsoft account password
Go to another device and sign in to account.microsoft.com
Confirm the password works there exactly as typed.
Start up the PC, then while it's loading in the first screen that'll either have your PC manufacturer or the Windows logo, forcefully power it off by holding the power button, then start up the PC, then forcefully power it off, repeat until it gives you recovery options or enters startup repair. From here you should be able to access the "Advanced Startup Options" menu and boot into Safe Mode (or the command prompt, if you really want to for some reason).
Per this question and answer session on Super User, I think the answer is really basically "no."
The fastest way I could think of to get to command prompt from a situation like the one you describe above would be to insert a windows repair disk or the Windows 10 Install Disk you used to install the OS. Both have advanced options for installation repair, including dropping you to a command line. If you go either of these routes, the fastest way to get to the prompt is not navigating the menus but rather using the Shift+F10 shortcut.
Of course, if windows were working the other way to do all this would be to place a shortcut to "cmd.exe" in the startup folder. Then you'd get a command prompt (in a window on the desktop) upon logging into windows every time.