<script type="text/javascript">
  function validateForm() {
    var a = document.forms["Form"]["answer_a"].value;
    var b = document.forms["Form"]["answer_b"].value;
    var c = document.forms["Form"]["answer_c"].value;
    var d = document.forms["Form"]["answer_d"].value;
    if ((a == null || a == "") && (b == null || b == "") && (c == null || c == "") && (d == null || d == "")) {
      alert("Please Fill In All Required Fields");
      return false;
    }
  }
</script>

<form method="post" name="Form" onsubmit="return validateForm()" action="">
  <textarea cols="30" rows="2" name="answer_a" id="a"></textarea>
  <textarea cols="30" rows="2" name="answer_b" id="b"></textarea>
  <textarea cols="30" rows="2" name="answer_c" id="c"></textarea>
  <textarea cols="30" rows="2" name="answer_d" id="d"></textarea>
</form>

The getElementById method returns an Element object that you can use to interact with the element. If the element is not found, null is returned. In case of an input element, the value property of the object contains the string in the value attribute.

By using the fact that the && operator short circuits, and that both null and the empty string are considered "falsey" in a boolean context, we can combine the checks for element existence and presence of value data as follows:

var myInput = document.getElementById("customx");
if (myInput && myInput.value) {
  alert("My input has a value!");
}

Try:

if (this.value == '' || this.value == this.defaultValue) {
  // value is empty or is default value
}

function myFriday() {
  var input = document.getElementById("input1").value;

  var ever = function() {
    if (input.trim() == '') {
      return "Please input a number"
    } else if (!(isNaN(input))) {
      var result = 1;
      for (var i = 1; i <= input; i++) {
        result = result * i
      }
      return result;
    }

  }

  document.getElementById("input2").value = ever();
}

<p>Input:
  <input type="text" id="input1" />
</p>
<p>Input:
  <input type="text" id="input2" />
</p>
<button onclick="myFriday()">Calculate</button>
<p>RESULT: <span id="result" style="color:red"></span> 
</p>