There is another way to convert to array of integers

Using toJSON()

Buffer.from('Text of example').toJSON()
{ type: 'Buffer',data: [ 84, 101, 120, 116, 32, 111, 102, 32, 101, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101 ] }

// simple get data
Buffer.from('Text of example').toJSON().data
[ 84, 101, 120, 116, 32, 111, 102, 32, 101, 120, 97, 109, 112, 108, 101 ]

Example of benchmark

// I took this from @user4584267's answer
const buffer = new Buffer([1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 3, 5, 67, 7, 4, 3, 5, 76, 234, 24, 235, 24, 4, 234, 234, 234, 325, 32, 6246, 8, 89, 689, 7687, 56, 54, 643, 32, 213, 2134, 235, 346, 45756, 857, 987, 0790, 89, 57, 5, 32, 423, 54, 6, 765, 65, 745, 4, 34, 543, 43, 3, 3, 3, 34, 3, 63, 63, 35, 7, 537, 35, 75, 754, 7, 23, 234, 43, 6, 247, 35, 54, 745, 767, 5, 3, 2, 2, 6, 7, 32, 3, 56, 346, 4, 32, 32, 3, 4, 45, 5, 34, 45, 43, 43]);
let array = null;
const iterations = 100000;

console.time("...buffer");
for (let i = iterations; i=i-1;) array = [...buffer]
console.timeEnd("...buffer");

console.time("array.prototype.slice.call");
for (let i = iterations; i=i-1;) array = Array.prototype.slice.call(buffer, 0)
console.timeEnd("array.prototype.slice.call");

console.time("toJSON().data");
for (let i = iterations; i=i-1;) array = buffer.toJSON().data
console.timeEnd("toJSON().data");

OUTPUT

...buffer: 559.932ms
array.prototype.slice.call: 1176.535ms
toJSON().data: 30.571ms

or if you want more profesional and custom function in Buffer use this:

Buffer.prototype.toArrayInteger = function(){
    if (this.length > 0) {
        const data = new Array(this.length);
        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i=i+1)
            data[i] = this[i];
        return data;
    }
    return [];
}

Example of benchmark:

const buffer = new Buffer([1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 3, 5, 67, 7, 4, 3, 5, 76, 234, 24, 235, 24, 4, 234, 234, 234, 325, 32, 6246, 8, 89, 689, 7687, 56, 54, 643, 32, 213, 2134, 235, 346, 45756, 857, 987, 0790, 89, 57, 5, 32, 423, 54, 6, 765, 65, 745, 4, 34, 543, 43, 3, 3, 3, 34, 3, 63, 63, 35, 7, 537, 35, 75, 754, 7, 23, 234, 43, 6, 247, 35, 54, 745, 767, 5, 3, 2, 2, 6, 7, 32, 3, 56, 346, 4, 32, 32, 3, 4, 45, 5, 34, 45, 43, 43]);
let array = null;
const iterations = 100000;

console.time("toArrayInteger");
for (let i = iterations; i=i-1;) buffer.toArrayInteger();
console.timeEnd("toArrayInteger");

Ouput:

toArrayInteger: 28.714ms

Note: In the last example I copied a function from Buffer.toJSON and custom it a lite

I have read the source code of bl library and node stream API.

BufferList is a custom duplex stream,that is both Readable and Writable.When you run readableStream.pipe(BufferList), by default end() is called on BufferList as the destination when the source stream emits end() which fires when there will be no more data to read.

See the implementation of BufferList.prorotype.end:

BufferList.prototype.end = function (chunk) {
  DuplexStream.prototype.end.call(this, chunk)

  if (this._callback) {
    this._callback(null, this.slice())
    this._callback = null
  }
}

So the callback passed to BufferList, will be called after BufferList received all data from the source stream, call this.slice() will return the result of concatenating all the Buffers in the BufferList where is the data parameter comes from.