First of all I'm not confused about how this letter is pronounced. I've been taught it's the former pronunciation all along and none of the dictionaries recognise the latter. But I observed there has been an increasing surge of people, many YouTubers included, that adopted the /heɪtʃ/ pronunciation, which vexed me to no end. I even saw some teachers of English pronounced the letter like that, which is alarming to say the least.
Why is "H" pronounced 'ay-ch' in the US but 'hay-ch' in Britain?
pronunciation - How does one correctly pronounce the letter 'H': "Aych" or "haych"? - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
pronunciation - How is the Ĥ letter pronounced? - Esperanto Language Stack Exchange
How do you pronounce the letter "H"? /eɪtʃ/ or /heɪtʃ/?
Videos
The Cambridge Online Survey of World Englishes has the question, "How do you pronounce the letter 'H'?"
Their current results:
aitch (85%)
haitch (12%)
I use something else (2%)
You can see a clearer (and navigable) image of this response map at the link above by registering and taking the survey:
According to the OALD, the standard way to pronounce the H is this one, which is without the "H" sound in its pronunciation.
Although on Wikipedia, it says there is also the other pronunciation (with the "H" sound at the beginning) which, anyway, is considered to be nonstandard.
For those who don't already speak a dozen languages or who have trouble with IPA descriptions, it's easy just to think of of it this way. Ĥ is a heavy H.
If you're not sure what that means, there are plenty of good videos on YouTube which include the Esperanto Alphabet. This video seems like as good a one as any to start with.
Edit: I received a comment elsewhere that "heavy H" is not helpful, at least to some people. Please be sure to notice the video link in the answer above. By "heavy" I actually mean that there is a restriction in the back of the throat, about where the letter K is pronounced. (I am intentionally avoiding the anatomical terms because most English speakers don't even notice a difference between a palatal k and a velar k.)
I guess you got terrible sources. :/
You just have to check the Fundamento for this:
- In the English fundamento, ĥ is defined as in loch, which is /x/
- In the German fundamento, ĥ is defined as "ch". I think that "ch" in German is mostly /x/ like in nacht.Sternchen looks like an oddity.
- In the French fundamento, r is defined as the french r, which is /ʁ/, and is how most french speakers do it.
So you have to hear the difference between ĥ (a voiceless velar fricative) and different r. The "french r" is a voiced uvular fricative. (Which is also the most common pronunciation for resh in hebrew.) The "german r" is an voiced uvular trill. (I added it because it is often miscalled a french r because it is guttural.)