January 24, 2025 - A null hypothesis claims that there is no effect in the population, while an alternative hypothesis claims that there is an effect.

courses.lumenlearning.com › introstats1 › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses

Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Introduction to Statistics

If certain conditions about the sample are satisfied, then the claim can be evaluated for a population. In a hypothesis test, we: Evaluate the null hypothesis, typically denoted with H0. The null is not rejected unless the hypothesis test shows otherwise. The null statement must always contain some form of equality (=, ≤ or ≥) Always write the alternative hypothesis, typically denoted with Ha or H1, using less than, greater than, or not equals symbols, i.e., (≠, >, or <).

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Null hypothesis

statistical concept

{\textstyle H_{0}} ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists … Wikipedia

Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Null_hypothesis

Null hypothesis - Wikipedia

3 weeks ago - Null hypotheses that assert the equality of effect of two or more alternative treatments, for example, a drug and a placebo, are used to reduce scientific claims based on statistical noise. This is the most popular null hypothesis; It is so popular that many statements about significant testing assume such null hypotheses.

Basic definitions

Terminology

Technical description

Principle

Goals of null hypothesis tests

Choice of the null hypothesis

History of statistical tests

Further reading

Minitab

support.minitab.com › en-us › minitab › help-and-how-to › statistics › basic-statistics › supporting-topics › basics › null-and-alternative-hypotheses

About the null and alternative hypotheses - Minitab

The null and alternative hypotheses are two mutually exclusive statements about a population.

OpenStax

openstax.org › books › introductory-business-statistics-2e › pages › 9-1-null-and-alternative-hypotheses

9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Introductory Business Statistics 2e | OpenStax

December 13, 2023 - H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between the variables–they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo and as a result if you cannot accept the null it requires some action.

Laerd Statistics

statistics.laerd.com › statistical-guides › hypothesis-testing-3.php

Hypothesis Testing - Significance levels and rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis

In order to undertake hypothesis testing you need to express your research hypothesis as a null and alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are statements regarding the differences or effects that occur in the population. You will use your sample to test which ...

Pressbooks

pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu › introductorystatistics › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses

Null and Alternative Hypotheses – Introductory Statistics

July 19, 2013 - H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement about the population that either is believed to be true or is used to put forth an argument unless it can be shown to be incorrect beyond a reasonable doubt.

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National University

resources.nu.edu › statsresources › hypothesis

Null & Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics Resources - LibGuides at National University

Alternative Hypothesis: Ha: Male factory workers have a higher salary than female factory workers. Null Hypothesis: H0: There is no relationship between height and shoe size.

Pressbooks

ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub › sccstatistics › chapter › null-and-alternative-hypotheses

Chapter 9.2: Null and Alternative Hypotheses – College Statistics

July 1, 2022 - H0: The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion.

Texas Gateway

texasgateway.org › resource › 91-null-and-alternative-hypotheses

9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Texas Gateway

H0—The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion. In other words, the difference equals 0. Ha—The alternative hypothesis: It is a claim about the population ...

Quizlet

quizlet.com › 231686781 › null-and-alternative-hypotheses-flash-cards

Null and Alternative Hypotheses Flashcards | Quizlet

a statement about the value of a population parameter, in case of two hypotheses, the statement assumed to be true is called the null hypothesis (notation H0) and the contradictory statement is called the alternative hypothesis (notation Ha).

reddit.com › r/statistics › [q] question about choosing null and alternative hypotheses

r/statistics on Reddit: [Q] Question about choosing null and alternative hypotheses

April 9, 2023 -

I teach a probability and statistics course in a university but I'm teaching outside my field so I'm definitely not an expert. I have a question about choosing the null and alternative hypotheses and haven't been able to resolve it via googling. I teach in an engineering department so examples about drug testing aren't as relevant.

Question: does the choice of Ho and Ha depend on which "side" of the claim you're on, ie if you want to prove or disprove it?

Let's say a lightbulb manufacturer claims their bulbs last on average at least 800 hours. If I work for the manufacturer, I want to conclusively demonstrate via my hypothesis test that my claim is true, so it seems that I would want Ho : mu <= 800 and Ha : mu > 800 so that I could reject Ho with a certain level of significance and be confident in my claim.

However if I'm a consumer and I don't believe the manufacturer's claim, it seems that I want Ho and Ha to be the reverse, so I could conclusively determine that their claim is false and that the true lifespan is less than 800 hours, so that I'd have evidence that they're being dishonest.

Can anyone confirm if the above logic is correct, that sometimes the choice of whether the stated claim is Ho or Ha depends on if you want to prove or disprove the claim?

Thanks in advance!

Edit: here's an example from the textbook, for an idea of the types of problems I'd like to be able to write:

A manufacturer of a certain brand of rice cereal claims that the average saturated fat content does not exceed 1.5 grams per serving. State the null and alternative hypotheses to be used in testing this claim and determine where the critical region is located.
Solution: The manufacturer’s claim should be rejected only if μ is greater than 1.5 milligrams and should not be rejected if μ is less than or equal to 1.5 milligrams. We test
H0: μ = 1.5,
H1: μ > 1.5.
Nonrejection of H0 does not rule out values less than 1.5 milligrams. Since we have a one-tailed test, the greater than symbol indicates that the critical region lies entirely in the right tail of the distribution of our test statistic Xbar.

To me, this problem seems to be written from the perspective of a test engineer at the FDA who wants to try and prove the company's claim wrong. If I worked for this manufacturer, wouldn't I want to switch H0 and H1, so that I can reject the claim that mu>1.5?

Top answer

1 of 5

The null is ALWAYS the opposite of what you want to prove. It is related to modus tollens. If A then B and Not B therefore not A.

2 of 5

Yes, if you have a one-tailed hypothesis there is a distinction between a right tail hypothesis and a left tail hypothesis.

Outlier

articles.outlier.org › null-vs-alternative-hypothesis

Null vs. Alternative Hypothesis [Overview] | Outlier

April 28, 2023 - The null and the alternative are mutually exclusive statements, meaning both statements cannot be true at the same time. In a medical study, the null hypothesis represents the assumption that a treatment has no statistically significant effect ...

Quizlet

quizlet.com › 452734357 › stats-flash-cards

Stats Flashcards | Quizlet

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Hypotheses are always statements about sample statistics., The null hypothesis, which we write H0 is the conservative, status-quo, business-as- usual statement about a population ...

Brainly

brainly.com › mathematics › high school › which one of the following statements is true? a. null and alternative hypotheses are statements sometimes about population parameters and sometimes about sample statistics. b. null and alternative hypotheses are statements about population parameters. c. null hypothesis is a statement about the population parameter, and the alternative hypothesis is a statement about the sample statistic. d. null and alternative hypotheses are statements about sample statistics.

[FREE] Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements sometimes - brainly.com

In hypothesis testing, both null and **alternative hypotheses **are statements about population parameters, not sample statistics. The null hypothesis assumes no significant difference, while the alternative hypothesis assumes some difference.

Statistics LibreTexts

stats.libretexts.org › campus bookshelves › los angeles city college › introductory statistics › 9: hypothesis testing with one sample

9.2: Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics LibreTexts

July 29, 2023 - \(H_0\): The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo and as a result if you cannot accept the null it requires some action.

Medium

medium.com › @andersongimino › differences-between-the-null-and-alternative-hypotheses-6b2e794543f6

Differences between the null and alternative hypotheses | by Anderson Gimino | Medium

July 14, 2023 - The alternative hypothesis typically assumes that there is an effect in the population, and that your observed data does not occur by chance. Note: The null and alternative hypotheses are always claims about the population.

Brainly

brainly.com › mathematics › high school › are null and alternative hypotheses statements about samples, about populations, or does it depend on the situation? explain.

[FREE] Are null and alternative hypotheses statements about samples, about populations, or does it depend on the - brainly.com

Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about populations, not just samples. The null hypothesis indicates no significant difference or relationship, while the alternative hypothesis suggests there is one.

Khan Academy

khanacademy.org › math › ap-statistics › xfb5d8e68:inference-categorical-proportions › idea-significance-tests › v › examples-of-null-and-alternative-hypotheses

Examples of null and alternative hypotheses (video)

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Montgomerycollege

pressbooks.montgomerycollege.edu › statnotes › chapter › unit-6-study-guide

9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses – Statistics Study Guide

Let's write the claim about the mean using mathematical symbols: ... This is an example of a claim that contains condition of equality. The opposite of this claim is [latex]\mu \ne 42400[/latex]. Of the two statements above, the null hypothesis, [latex]H_o[/latex], is the one that has the [latex]=[/latex] sign while other statement is the alternative hypothesis, [latex]H_a \ ([/latex]or [latex]H_1)[/latex]. We can write: