Formpl
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Alternative vs Null Hypothesis: Pros, Cons, Uses & Examples
November 22, 2021 - In another study being conducted, the researcher wants to find out whether there is a noticeable difference or change in a patient’s heart arrest medicine and the patient’s heart condition. For the alternate hypothesis: The hypothesis is that there might indeed be a relationship between the new medicine and the frequency or chances of heart arrest in a patient. ... The hypothesis from example 2 in the alternate hypothesis implies that the use of one specific medicine can reduce the frequency and chances of heart arrest. For the null hypothesis: The hypothesis will be that the use of that particular medicine cannot reduce the chance and frequency of heart arrest in a patient.
GeeksforGeeks
geeksforgeeks.org › data science › difference-between-null-and-alternate-hypothesis
Difference between Null and Alternate Hypothesis - GeeksforGeeks
May 18, 2022 - we have to make changes in our original opinion or statement in order to match null hypothesis. Null hypothesis is represented as H0. If my alternative hypothesis is that 55% of boys in my town are taller than girls then my alternative hypothesis will be that 55% of boys in my town are not taller than girls.
Videos
Null hypothesis vs alternative hypothesis #math #mathematics #mathtok #teacher #teachersoftiktok #maths #statistics | TikTok
Null vs. alternative Hypothesis #biology #statistics #nullhypothesis #alternativehypothesis #hypothesis | TikTok
Examples of null and alternative hypotheses (video)
Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis definitions - BSc ...
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Hypothesis Testing - Null and Alternative Hypotheses - YouTube
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Null Hypothesis Vs Alternative Hypothesis (Easy Explanation) - YouTube
What is the difference between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis?
A null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship or difference between variables, while an alternative hypothesis suggests that there is a significant relationship or difference.
testbook.com
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Learn the Difference Between Null and Alternative Hypothesis
What’s the difference between a research hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis?
A research hypothesis is your proposed answer to your research question. The research hypothesis usually includes an explanation (“x affects y because …”). · A statistical hypothesis, on the other hand, is a mathematical statement about a population parameter. Statistical hypotheses always come in pairs: the null and alternative hypotheses. In a well-designed study, the statistical hypotheses correspond logically to the research hypothesis.
scribbr.com
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Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions & Examples
What are null and alternative hypotheses?
Null and alternative hypotheses are used in statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis of a test always predicts no effect or no relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis states your research prediction of an effect or relationship.
scribbr.com
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Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions & Examples
Outlier
articles.outlier.org › null-vs-alternative-hypothesis
Null vs. Alternative Hypothesis [Overview] | Outlier
April 28, 2023 - In medical studies, where scientists ... the alternative hypothesis represents the hypothesis that the treatment does have an effect, while the null hypothesis represents the assumption that the treatment has no effect...
Scribbr
scribbr.com › home › null and alternative hypotheses | definitions & examples
Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Definitions & Examples
January 24, 2025 - A null hypothesis claims that there is no effect in the population, while an alternative hypothesis claims that there is an effect.
Study.com
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Null vs. Alternative Hypothesis | Definition & Examples - Lesson | Study.com
December 16, 2013 - By contrast, the alternative hypothesis indicates that statistically significant differences occur between two or more experimental or control groups. An experimental group refers to the part of the study that receives the treatment studied by the researcher, while the control group receives no treatment. Although both the null and the alternative hypotheses make predictions that are tested in a study, there are several important differences between the two.
Testbook
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Learn the Difference Between Null and Alternative Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): "There is a significant difference in mean test scores between Group A and Group B." Hypothesis testing is applied in various fields, including psychology, economics, biology, and social sciences, to examine research questions, test theories, and make evidence-based conclusions. In conclusion, the null ...
MyTutor
mytutor.co.uk › answers › 23601 › GCSE › Psychology › What-is-the-difference-between-the-null-hypothesis-alternate-hypothesis-directional-hypothesis-and-non-directional-hypothesis
What is the difference between the null hypothesis, alternate hypothesis, directional hypothesis and non-directional hypothesis?
A null hypothesis is an assumption of no relationship between the two variables, hence 'null', e.g. There is no relationship between [IV] and [DV]. This is the hypothesis that the researcher will attempt to reject by disproving it, thus approving the alternate hypothesis.An alternate hypothesis ...
Online Learning College
online-learning-college.com › home › gcses › gcse psychology › hypotheses
Hypotheses | What Is A Hypothesis?, Null & Alternative Hypotheses
January 27, 2025 - Once they have identified which ... findings. Unlike a null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis predicts that there will be a difference or a correlation between two or more things....
PsychStix
psychologyrocks.org › hypotheses-directional-and-non-directional
Hypotheses; directional and non-directional – PsychStix
August 27, 2024 - Null hypothesis The null hypothesis states that the alternative or experimental hypothesis is NOT the case, if your experimental hypothesis was directional you would say… · Participants who have been deprived of sleep for 24 hours will NOT ...
Simply Psychology
simplypsychology.org › research methodology › research hypothesis in psychology: types, & examples
Research Hypothesis In Psychology: Types, & Examples
December 13, 2023 - It’s what researchers aim to support or demonstrate through their study. The null hypothesis states no relationship exists between the two variables being studied (one variable does not affect the other).
Texas Gateway
texasgateway.org › resource › 91-null-and-alternative-hypotheses
9.1 Null and Alternative Hypotheses | Texas Gateway
They are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints. H0—The null hypothesis: It is a statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion.
National University
resources.nu.edu › statsresources › hypothesis
Null & Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics Resources - LibGuides at National University
In research, there are two types ... Null Hypothesis (H0) – This can be thought of as the implied hypothesis. “Null” meaning “nothing.” This hypothesis states that there is no difference ......
ThoughtCo
thoughtco.com › null-hypothesis-vs-alternative-hypothesis-3126413
Differences Between The Null and Alternative Hypothesis
June 24, 2019 - If we are studying a new treatment, the null hypothesis is that our treatment will not change our subjects in any meaningful way. In other words, the treatment will not produce any effect in our subjects.
Medium
medium.com › @andersongimino › differences-between-the-null-and-alternative-hypotheses-6b2e794543f6
Differences between the null and alternative hypotheses | by Anderson Gimino | Medium
July 14, 2023 - The null and alternative hypotheses are mutually exclusive, meaning they cannot both be true at the same time. The null hypothesis is a statement that is assumed to be true unless there is convincing evidence to the contrary.
Reddit
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r/AskStatistics on Reddit: Null hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
January 5, 2021 -
Hey! Can someone explain to me in simple terms the definition of null hypothesis? If u can use an example it would be great! Also if we reject the null hypothesis does it mean that the alternative hypothesis is true?
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Hi! So, yours is actually a sophisticated question that masquerades as a simple one, so I'll try to answer this in a way that conveys the concept while perhaps alluding to some of its problems. At its heart, the null hypothesis is a sort of "straw man" that is defined by a researcher at the beginning of an experiment that usually represents a state of affairs that would be expected to occur if the researcher's proposal were false. Note that a null hypothesis is entirely imaginary, and it has nothing to do with the actual state of the world. It is contrived, usually to show that the actual state of the world is inconsistent with the null hypothesis. Suppose a researcher is trying to determine whether the heights of men and women are different. A suitable null hypothesis might be that the difference of the two population averages (height of men and height of women) is equal to zero. Then the researcher would conduct his or her experiment by measuring the heights of many men and women. When it comes time to draw a statistical conclusion, he or she will compute the probability that the observed data (the set of heights) could have come from the null hypothesis (i.e., a world where there is no difference). This probability is called a "p-value". Conceptually, this is similar to a "proof by contradiction," in which we assert that, if the probability is very small that the data could have originated from the null hypothesis, it must not be true. This is what is meant by "rejecting the null hypothesis". It is different from a proof by contradiction because rejecting the null proves nothing, except perhaps that the null is unlikely to be the source of the observed data. It doesn't prove that the true difference is 5 inches, or 1 inch, or anything. Because of this, rejecting the null hypothesis is in NO WAY equivalent to accepting an alternative hypothesis. Usually, in the course of an experiment, we observe a result (such as the observed height difference, perhaps it is ~5 inches) that, once we reject, replaces the hypothesized value of 0 under the null. However, we DON'T know anything about the probability that our observed value is "correct", which is why we never say that we have "accepted" an alternative. I actually hesitate to discuss an "alternative" hypothesis because most researchers never state one and it doesn't matter for the purposes of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). It is just the name given to the conclusion drawn by the researchers after they have rejected their null hypothesis. Philosophically, there is an adage that data can never be used to prove an assertion, only to disprove one. It includes an analogy about a turkey concluding that he is loved by his human family and is proven wrong upon being slaughtered on Thanksgiving. I'll include a link if I can find it. Now, think about this: The concept of rejecting a null hypothesis probably seems very reasonable as long as we are careful not to overinterpret it, and this is how NHST was performed for decades. But consider - what is the probability that the null hypothesis is true in the first place? In other words, how likely is it that the difference between mens' and womens' heights is equal to zero? I propose that the probability is exactly zero, and if you disagree then I will find a ruler small enough to prove me correct. The difference can never be equal to exactly zero (even though this is the "straw man" that our experiment refutes), so we are effectively testing against a hypothesis that can never be true. Rejecting a hypothesis we already know to be false tells us nothing important ("the data are unlikely to have come from this state that cannot be true"). And since every null hypothesis is imaginary, it is suggested that any null hypothesis can be rejected with enough statistical power (read:sample size). Often a "significant" result says more about a study's sample size than it does about the study's findings, even though the language used in papers/media suggests to readers that the findings are more "important" or "likely to be correct". This has, in part, led to a reproducibility crisis in the sciences and, for some, an undermining of subject-matter-experts' trust in the use of applied statistics.
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The null hypothesis (Ho) signifies no change. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) signifies a change. If we reject the null, we have evidence for the alternative hypothesis. This doesn’t mean that it’s true just that within this study, we have evidence to support the alternative hypothesis. If we fail to reject the null (we don’t use the word accept) then there is not enough evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis. Example: I’m wondering if smoking impacts lung function using a spirometry test that measures forced exploratory volume per second (FEV1). Ho: There is no difference in FEV1 between smokers vs non smokers Ha: There is a difference in FEV1 between smokers and non smokers. Rejecting or failing to reject the null aka Ho will involve more steps than just analyzing the mean FEV1 between the two groups, so let’s stop here before we get into more hypothesis testing.
Statistics LibreTexts
stats.libretexts.org › campus bookshelves › kennesaw state university › statistical applications in psychological sciences with multimedia › 7: introduction to hypothesis testing
7.2: The Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Statistics LibreTexts
September 22, 2025 - The alternative hypothesis is simply the reverse of the null hypothesis, and there are three options, depending on where we expect the difference to lie. Thus, our alternative hypothesis is the mathematical way of stating our research question.
Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Alternative_hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis - Wikipedia
October 6, 2025 - In statistical hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are two mutually exclusive statements. "The statement being tested in a test of statistical significance is called the null hypothesis. The test of significance is designed to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. Usually, the null hypothesis is a statement of 'no effect' or 'no difference...
Open Textbook BC
opentextbc.ca › researchmethods › chapter › some-basic-null-hypothesis-tests
Some Basic Null Hypothesis Tests – Research Methods in Psychology – 2nd Canadian Edition
October 13, 2015 - We can now think of the null hypothesis as being that the mean difference score in the population is 0 (µ0 = 0) and the alternative hypothesis as being that the mean difference score in the population is not 0 (µ0 ≠ 0). Imagine that the ...
Statistics Solutions
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Null hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis - Statistics Solutions
May 14, 2025 - Researchers generally denote the null hypothesis as H0. It states the exact opposite of what an investigator or an experimenter predicts or expects. It basically defines the statement which states that there is no exact or actual relationship between the variables. Researchers generally denote the alternative hypothesis as H1.