Use a dict comprehension (Python 2.7 and later):

{key: value for key, value in zip(keys, values)}

Alternatively, use the dict constructor:

pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]
dict(pairs)                          # → {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict((k, v + 10) for k, v in pairs)  # → {'a': 11, 'b': 12}

Given separate lists of keys and values, use the dict constructor with zip:

keys = ['a', 'b']
values = [1, 2]
dict(zip(keys, values))              # → {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

There are dictionary comprehensions in Python 2.7+, but they don't work quite the way you're trying. Like a list comprehension, they create a new dictionary; you can't use them to add keys to an existing dictionary. Also, you have to specify the keys and values, although of course you can specify a dummy value if you like.

>>> d = {n: n**2 for n in range(5)}
>>> print d
{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

If you want to set them all to True:

>>> d = {n: True for n in range(5)}
>>> print d
{0: True, 1: True, 2: True, 3: True, 4: True}

What you seem to be asking for is a way to set multiple keys at once on an existing dictionary. There's no direct shortcut for that. You can either loop like you already showed, or you could use a dictionary comprehension to create a new dict with the new values, and then do oldDict.update(newDict) to merge the new values into the old dict.