I vote for hatting it because I have always been taught and have always read that estimates gets a hat to distinguish from the actual value, unless they have their own symbol for a specific purpose (a bit like s being a sample estimate of sigma). Less important if you are writing up simple results (I would simply use Rho in that case), more important in textbooks or anything where you are using formulas to prove something or show something. Maybe someone disagrees, though. Answer from moosy85 on reddit.com
Quora
quora.com › What-does-hat-q-mean-in-statistics
What does \hat{q} mean in statistics?
Example: if 60% of people have a black car then phat is .6, and qhat is 1-.6 = .4. qhat is the proportion that is not something (for the above example qhat is the proportion of people that do not have a black car).
Statistics LibreTexts
stats.libretexts.org › under construction › introductory statistics with google sheets (kesler) › 7: confidence intervals
7.3: A Population Proportion - Statistics LibreTexts
March 29, 2022 - To calculate the confidence interval, you must find p′, q′, and E. ... Use the spreadsheet function NORM.S.INV(0.975) to find z0.025. Remember that the area to the right of z0.025 is 0.025 and the area to the left of z0.025 is 0.975. This can also be found using appropriate commands on other calculators, using a computer, or using a Standard Normal probability table. $E = z_{\alpha/2}\cdot \sqrt{\frac{\hat p \hat q}{n}}=1.96\cdot \sqrt{\frac{(0.842)(0.158)}{500}}=0.032$
Videos
25:31
The Sampling Distribution of P-hat, The Sample Proportion. Includes ...
01:33
How to add Hat in Word - [ type p, q, y, x, r, theta, beta hat ...
01:14
Find Minimum Sample Size to Estimate Population Proportion, p hat ...
28:26
Finding The Confidence Interval of a Population Proportion Using ...
Reddit
reddit.com › r/statistics › [q] to hat or not to hat?
r/statistics on Reddit: [Q] To hat or not to hat?
March 23, 2022 -
I just had a discussion with a colleague regarding reporting of results from rank-order correlation using Spearman’s method, which yields ρ, or rho. Rho can be estimated from a bivariate association between two independent values measured in a sample. The sample is intended to represent the population it was sampled from - should or should not then the sample estimate be reported with a hat (ρ̂ )?
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I vote for hatting it because I have always been taught and have always read that estimates gets a hat to distinguish from the actual value, unless they have their own symbol for a specific purpose (a bit like s being a sample estimate of sigma). Less important if you are writing up simple results (I would simply use Rho in that case), more important in textbooks or anything where you are using formulas to prove something or show something. Maybe someone disagrees, though.
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While I agree that the hat is technically correct, when reported as a number I don't think there's much confusion: if I were to report that ρ=0.43 I don't think readers are going to get confused and think I'm talking about the population value instead of the sample. Hats also won't always typeset well, and might mess up any future NLP run on your reporting - those shouldn't be problems in 2022, but they still are. I would probably report it without that hat for simplicity's sake, even though I think the hat is technically correct.
CUNY
academicworks.cuny.edu › cgi › viewcontent.cgi pdf
City University of New York (CUNY) City University of New York (CUNY)
More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/qb_oers/143 · Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu · This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). ... I. Introduction · This appendix lists common statistical symbols and formulas used in Clear-Signed Statistics.
StatsDirect
statsdirect.com › help › references › glossary.htm
Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations Used in StatsDirect
Copyright © 1987-2025 Iain E. Buchan, all rights reserved. Download software here
YouTube
youtube.com › the friendly statistician
What Is Q Hat In Statistics? - The Friendly Statistician - YouTube
What Is Q Hat In Statistics? In this informative video, we will break down the concept of "q hat" in statistics and its significance in data analysis. Unders...
Published January 11, 2025 Views 9
Study.com
study.com › math courses › statistics 101: principles of statistics
Finding Confidence Intervals for Proportions: Formula & Example - Lesson | Study.com
March 8, 2016 - Our sample size, n, is equal to 1,000. p-hat in this case is 0.60 (from 60%), and this is the point estimate of p. q-hat = 1 - p-hat = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4
Gzipwtf
gzipwtf.com › home › users' questions
How do you calculate p hat and Q hat? | Gzipwtf.com
July 25, 2020 - How do you calculate p hat and Q hat? The mean of the sampling distribution of p-hat, denoted as mu_p-hat, equals p. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p-hat, denoted as sigma_p-hat, is equal to the square root of (p x q) / n, where q = 1-p. What is the mean of […]
Penn State Statistics
online.stat.psu.edu › stat555 › node › 62
4.5 - q-Values | STAT 555
[1] Storey, John D. "The positive false discovery rate: a Bayesian interpretation and the q-value." Annals of statistics(2003): 2013-2035. https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.aos/1074290335
Richland College
people.richland.edu › james › lecture › m170 › ch08-pro.html
Stats: Estimating the Proportion
When you're computing E, I suggest that you find the sample proportion, p hat, and save it to P on the calculator. This way, you can find q as (1-p). Do NOT round the value for p hat and use the rounded value in the calculations. This will lead to error. Once you have computed E, I suggest ...
Omni Calculator
omnicalculator.com › statistics › p-hat
P-Hat Calculator
January 18, 2024 - Come along to get answers to some of the p-hat related questions, such as: ... What is the symbol for the p-hat? And more. The sample proportion or p-hat, denoted by the symbol p̂, is an essential value in inferential statistics that represents the ratio of the number of occurrences of a ...
PinkClubWear
pinkclubwear.com › home › faq › hats faqs
How To Calculate Q Hat? - August 2025 - PinkClubWear
April 13, 2022 - In words: You find p-hat by dividing the number of occurrences of the desired event by the sample size. Additionally, what is P and Q hat? proportion of successes in a sample and is denoted by. where x is the number of successes in the sample and n is the sample size.
YouTube
youtube.com › watch
How To Find Q Hat In Statistics? - The Friendly Statistician
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.
Philschatz
philschatz.com › statistics-book › contents › m47891.html
Mathematical Phrases, Symbols, and Formulas · Statistics
For questions regarding this license, please contact [email protected]. If you use this textbook as a bibliographic reference, then you should cite it as follows: OpenStax College, Statistics. OpenStax CNX.
Calculator Academy
calculator.academy › home › p-hat calculator
P-hat Calculator - Calculator Academy
November 11, 2020 - To calculate p-hat (p^), divide the number of occurrences of an event by the sample size.
Stats4stem
stats4stem.org › r-one-proportion
STATS4STEM
> p.hat = 47/64 # calculate sample proportion > p.hat [1] 0.734375 > > p.null = .60 # define null proportion > n = 64 # define sample size > > # Check conditions for inference > n*p.null [1] 38.4 > n*(1 - p.null) [1] 25.6 · Conclusion: n*phat and n*qhat are both greater than 10. Therefore, we can proceed with our inference calculations. 3. Next, we will calculate our test statistic ...
Reddit
reddit.com › r/act › i need help on this question. what even is a sample proportion? the answer is e.
r/ACT on Reddit: I need help on this question. What even is a sample proportion? the answer is E.
February 25, 2022 - Sample proportion (p-hat) is a statistics term, but it’s just what it sounds like - the proportion of the sample (as opposed to population proportion, p). So as the fjcommish said, in this case it’s just 5/30 which simplifies to 1/6. ... ...
Sciencing
sciencing.com › calculate-phat-8384855
How To Calculate P-Hat - Sciencing
March 24, 2022 - The actual calculation of p-hat is not challenging. To do it, you need two numbers. One is the sample size (n) and the other is the number of occurrences of the event or parameter in question (X). The equation for p-hat is p-hat = X/n.
OpenStax
openstax.org › books › introductory-business-statistics-2e › pages › b-mathematical-phrases-symbols-and-formulas
B Mathematical Phrases, Symbols, and Formulas - Introductory Business Statistics 2e | OpenStax
December 13, 2023 - Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/introductory-business-statistics-2e/pages/b-mathematical-phrases-symbols-and-formulas