Depends what you want to get, here's an example showing a few ways:

http://codepen.io/k3no/pen/amwpqk

var delta = editor.getContents();
var text = editor.getText();
var justHtml = editor.root.innerHTML;
preciousContent.innerHTML = JSON.stringify(delta);
justTextContent.innerHTML = text;
justHtmlContent.innerHTML = justHtml;

<form method="post" id="identifier">

  <div id="quillArea"></div>

  <textarea name="text" style="display:none" id="hiddenArea"></textarea>
  <input type="submit" value="Save" />

</form>

If you give the form an identifier, then using jQuery you can do the following:

var quill = new Quill ({...}) //definition of the quill

$("#identifier").on("submit",function() {
  $("#hiddenArea").val($("#quillArea").html());
})

Instead of the HTML you could use quill.getContents() to get the delta.

Sorry but Quill v2.0.2 doesn't really support table rendering and inserting/editing. For basic usage, I recommend using the module: https://github.com/soccerloway/quill-better-table

npm install quill-better-table

import QuillBetterTable from 'quill-better-table'

Quill.register({
  'modules/better-table': QuillBetterTable
}, true)

const quill = new Quill('#editor-wrapper', {
  theme: 'snow',
  modules: {
    table: false,  // disable table module
    'better-table': {
      operationMenu: {
        items: {
          unmergeCells: {
            text: 'Another unmerge cells name'
          }
        }
      }
    },
    keyboard: {
      bindings: QuillBetterTable.keyboardBindings
    }
})

...

  document.body.querySelector('#insert-table')
    .onclick = () => {
      let tableModule = quill.getModule('better-table')
      tableModule.insertTable(3, 3)
    }

If you're feeling adventurous, you could also check this cool project, where they re-write Quill in order to handle table.

Cheers,