Yes you can type your variables with a single type

// type data as an array of strings
const data: string[] = [];

// type data as an array of numbers
const data: number[] = [];

// type data as an array of objects
const data: object[] = [];

If you want to use a mix of types in your array, you can type it as any. But this may not be a good practise.

const data: any[] = [];

For more information about type in typescript, look here: Basic type documentation

For defining array with multiple types, look here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/29382420/1934484

var StronglyTypedArray=function(){
    this.values=[];
    this.push=function(value){
    if(value===0||parseInt(value)>0) this.values.push(value);
    else return;//throw exception
   };
   this.get=function(index){
      return this.values[index]
   }
}

EDITS: use this as follows

var numbers=new StronglyTypedArray();
numbers.push(0);
numbers.push(2);
numbers.push(4);
numbers.push(6);
numbers.push(8);
alert(numbers.get(3)); //alerts 6